THE PROVENANCE GRAPH

SOURCE → CLAIM → WORD

SHOW THE
RECEIPTS.

Every book, dictionary, database, and article becomes a permanent record with backlinks to the exact historical claims that depend on it.

624NAMED SOURCES

Every work cited by the reviewed graph.

1669EDGE CITATIONS

Source-to-relationship evidence links.

538WITNESS REPORTS

Sources attached to lexical attestations.

569TRUTH CITATIONS

Direct evidence links for ranked reveals.

1602DISPUTE CITATIONS

Located sources attached to scholarly disagreements.

0ORPHAN SOURCES

Bibliographic records with no live evidence link.

THE RULE

A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS A GRAPH, NOT A FOOTNOTE DUMP.

Each record shows exactly where SET-U uses a source. Citation does not mean blanket endorsement: stances preserve support, challenge, contradiction, and context.

ROLEall roles canonical edges witnesses comparisons context links ranked reveals disputes journey stages

TYPEall types historical dictionary 360research database 52 scholarly reference 30 digitized primary source 25 lexical database 20 institutional lexicon 13 etymological dictionary 11 scholarly article 11 lexical corpus record 9 contemporary dictionary 8 scholarly dictionary 8 editorial reference 6 journal article 5 scholarly lexicon 5 historical text edition 4 monograph 4 digitized scholarly edition 3 historical grammar 3 scholarly essay 3 academic thesis 2 digital critical edition 2 digital scholarly edition 2 editorial method 2 institutional vocabulary 2 lexicographic method 2 manuscript catalog 2 pronunciation reference 2 research article 2 scholarly book 2 book chapter 1 community lexicon 1 comparative database 1 comparative dictionary 1 comparative lexicon 1 conference paper 1 critical edition 1 dataset documentation 1 digital corpus 1 dissertation 1 institutional reference 1 lexicographic methodology 1 monograph chapter 1 official lexicon 1 peer reviewed chapter 1 research monograph 1 scholarly database 1 scholarly grammar 1 scholarly lexicographic note 1 scholarly monograph 1 scholarly series 1 technical reference 1 textual corpus 1 typological database 1

PERMANENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS

515 SOURCES IN THIS VIEW

S001historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors2026140 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 33
WITNESSES: 2
COMPARISONS: 23
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 41
JOURNEY STAGES: 38
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 76

mw-hateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S002etymological dictionary

Guus Kroonen2013128 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — fi(j)ēn- and fi(j)and-

Brill

CANONICAL EDGES: 26
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 13
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 7
DISPUTES: 42
JOURNEY STAGES: 40
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 50

kroonen-2013-fijen-fijandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S003scholarly essay

Anatoly Liberman2018109 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concluded

Oxford University Press

CANONICAL EDGES: 26
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 9
CONTEXT LINKS: 2
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 35
JOURNEY STAGES: 34
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 44

liberman-2018-hatred-2AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S004historical dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary Editors2026104 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026

Oxford University Press

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
WITNESSES: 12
COMPARISONS: 45
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 5
DISPUTES: 24
JOURNEY STAGES: 13
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

oed-fiend-2026AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S005historical dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary editors201392 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.

Oxford University Press

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 7
COMPARISONS: 28
CONTEXT LINKS: 2
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 36
JOURNEY STAGES: 11
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 8

oed-friendAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S006etymological dictionary

Vladimir Orel200390 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — xataz, xatjanan, and *xatōjanan

Brill

CANONICAL EDGES: 12
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 42
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 23
JOURNEY STAGES: 10
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 20

orel-germanic-etymology-hateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S007historical dictionary

Gerhard Köbler201489 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiand

Gerhard Köbler, International Germanic Etymological Lexicotheca

CANONICAL EDGES: 8
WITNESSES: 10
COMPARISONS: 15
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 39
JOURNEY STAGES: 14
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

koebler-old-saxon-haton-hettiandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S008scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202288 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root reg-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 29
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 27
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 9
DISPUTES: 6
JOURNEY STAGES: 16
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 52

ahd-ie-regAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S009research article

Daniel Ayora Estevan202371 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formations

Cuadernos de Filología Clásica · Complutense University of Madrid

CANONICAL EDGES: 10
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 10
DISPUTES: 27
JOURNEY STAGES: 12
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 21

ayora-estevan-2023-fijandsAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S010scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: dhghem-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 21
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 27
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 5
DISPUTES: 7
JOURNEY STAGES: 9
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 32

ahd-ie-dhghemAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S011scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202257 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root deru-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 17
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 17
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 6
DISPUTES: 3
JOURNEY STAGES: 14
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 26

ahd-ie-deruAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S012historical dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial team200954 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Oudnederlands Woordenboek — fīunt

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
WITNESSES: 20
COMPARISONS: 2
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 20
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

onw-fiuntAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S013scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202252 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: dheigh-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 19
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 18
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 5
DISPUTES: 6
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 21

ahd-ie-dheighAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S014research monograph

John T. Koch202051 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-

University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies

CANONICAL EDGES: 10
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 17
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 9
JOURNEY STAGES: 13
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 24

koch-celto-germanic-hatredAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S015research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202645 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma fijan — Gothic dictionary and 42-token candidate inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
WITNESSES: 33
COMPARISONS: 1
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 3
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

wulfila-fijanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S016scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202243 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root genə-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 16
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 10
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 7
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 14

ahd-ie-geneAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S017historical dictionary

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch editorial teamDATE NOT RECORDED42 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîant, fîjant

Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
WITNESSES: 8
COMPARISONS: 13
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 12
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 3

awb-fiantAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S018historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary editors202242 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary — friend

HarperCollins Publishers

CANONICAL EDGES: 8
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 5
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 15
JOURNEY STAGES: 13
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 14

ahd-friendAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S019historical dictionary

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch editorial teamDATE NOT RECORDED39 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîên

Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
WITNESSES: 6
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 13
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 2

awb-fienAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S020editorial reference

Merriam-Webster Editors201738 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Had a Long Day of Travel? Check Into a Hospital

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 14
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 4
DISPUTES: 4
JOURNEY STAGES: 9
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 9

mw-hospital-familyAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S021scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202238 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root ghos-ti-

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 16
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 7
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 7
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 25

ahd-ie-ghostiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S022historical dictionary

Svenska Akademiens ordboksredaktion192438 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDE

Svenska Akademien

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
WITNESSES: 6
COMPARISONS: 15
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 10
JOURNEY STAGES: 3
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 3

saob-fiendeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S023journal article

Elwira Kaczyńska201338 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Indo-European Origin of Latin lex

University of Seville repository

CANONICAL EDGES: 16
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 0
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 9
JOURNEY STAGES: 11
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 28

kaczynska-2013-lexAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S024historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý201437 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — FEÓGAN

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
WITNESSES: 10
COMPARISONS: 13
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 10
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

bosworth-toller-feoganAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S025historical dictionary

Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team202637 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassen

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

CANONICAL EDGES: 6
WITNESSES: 8
COMPARISONS: 4
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 12
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

dwds-dwb-hassenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S026etymological dictionary

Marlies Philippa · Frans Debrabandere · Arend Quak · Tanneke Schoonheim · Nicoline van der Sijs200936 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijand

Etymologiebank · Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

CANONICAL EDGES: 6
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 9
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 8

ewn-vijandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S027historical dictionary

Royal Irish Academy · eDIL editors202636 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

eDIL — 1 cais, noun explained as both love and hate

Royal Irish Academy

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
WITNESSES: 10
COMPARISONS: 8
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 12
JOURNEY STAGES: 3
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

edil-cais-love-hateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S028etymological dictionary

Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team202635 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

DWDS — Feind, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
WITNESSES: 2
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 8
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

dwds-feind-pfeiferAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S029research database

Linguistics Research CenterDATE NOT RECORDED35 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: *leg-

University of Texas at Austin

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 4
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 9
JOURNEY STAGES: 15
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 16

uta-pie-legAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S030research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202635 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma fijands — Gothic enemy noun and 26-token candidate inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
WITNESSES: 19
COMPARISONS: 1
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 9
JOURNEY STAGES: 3
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

wulfila-fijandsAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S031typological database

Östen Dahl201333 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chapter 138: Tea

The World Atlas of Language Structures Online

CANONICAL EDGES: 9
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 5
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 4
DISPUTES: 8
JOURNEY STAGES: 7
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 9

wals-teaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S032etymological dictionary

Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team202633 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 15
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 6
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

dwds-hass-pfeiferAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S033etymological dictionary

Marlies Philippa · Frans Debrabandere · Arend Quak · Tanneke Schoonheim · Nicoline van der Sijs200932 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vriend

Etymologiebank · Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 4
COMPARISONS: 10
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 7
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

ewn-vriendAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S034contemporary dictionary

Dudenredaktion202630 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Duden — hassen

Cornelsen Verlag

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 6
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 12
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 6

duden-hassenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S035research database

Etygram EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED30 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etygram: ἐτός / ἔτυμος dossier

Université Côte d’Azur

CANONICAL EDGES: 15
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 6
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 4
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 17

etygram-etosAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S036scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202230 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root dekm̥

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 13
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 4
DISPUTES: 1
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 10

ahd-ie-dekmAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S037historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202629 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Check — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 14
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 3
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 19

mw-checkAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S038contemporary dictionary

Den Danske Ordbogs redaktionDATE NOT RECORDED29 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Den Danske Ordbog — fjende

Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
WITNESSES: 4
COMPARISONS: 14
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 6
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 2

ddo-fjendeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S039historical dictionary

Henry George Liddell · Robert Scott · Henry Stuart Jones · Scaife ATLAS editors194029 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek-English Lexicon — κῆδος

Tufts University · Scaife ATLAS

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
WITNESSES: 5
COMPARISONS: 0
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 14
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

perseus-atlas-lsj-kedosAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S040historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202629 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Science — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 14
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 1
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 22

mw-scienceAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S041historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichy201428 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online — feónd

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
WITNESSES: 3
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 3

bosworth-toller-feondAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S042etymological dictionary

Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team202628 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

DWDS — Freund, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 9
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 8
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

dwds-freund-pfeiferAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S043historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202627 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Calculus — Word History and Etymology Note

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 2
COMPARISONS: 5
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

mw-calculusAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S044historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202627 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Guest — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 12
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 2
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 5
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 10

mw-guestAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S045research database

Linguistics Research Center editors202627 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexes

The University of Texas at Austin

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 13
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 4
JOURNEY STAGES: 3
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 4

ut-pie-kad-reflex-pageAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S046scholarly reference

Bo Utas and Encyclopaedia Iranica contributors199125 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chess

Encyclopaedia Iranica

CANONICAL EDGES: 8
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 3
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 2
JOURNEY STAGES: 10
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 3

iranica-chessAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S047historical dictionary

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors201024 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — fjándi, masculine noun

University of Copenhagen

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
WITNESSES: 6
COMPARISONS: 2
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 10
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 1

onp-fjandiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S048scholarly reference

John Aldrich et al.202624 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics: A

University of St Andrews

CANONICAL EDGES: 6
WITNESSES: 2
COMPARISONS: 3
CONTEXT LINKS: 3
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 4
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

mactutor-a-wordsAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S049scholarly dictionary

Guus Kroonen201324 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic

Brill

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 7
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 3
DISPUTES: 3
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 9

kroonen-2013AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S050historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichy201423 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online — freónd

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
WITNESSES: 5
COMPARISONS: 2
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 7
JOURNEY STAGES: 4
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 3

bosworth-toller-freondAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S051historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon187423 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjándi

Clarendon Press · old-norse.net digital edition

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 12
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
DISPUTES: 6
JOURNEY STAGES: 2
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 2

cleasby-vigfusson-fjandiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S052comparative lexicon

Simon J. Greenhill · Ross Clark · Bruce Biggs201023 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

TAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo

Polynesian Lexicon Project Online · Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 0
COMPARISONS: 3
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 5
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 7

pollex-tapuAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S053scholarly article

José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente201023 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Urban legends: Turkish kayık “boat” and “Eskimo” qayaq “kayak”

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis · Jagiellonian University Repository

CANONICAL EDGES: 8
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 1
CONTEXT LINKS: 1
RANKED REVEALS: 2
DISPUTES: 4
JOURNEY STAGES: 6
DOSSIER CITATIONS: 8

alonso-2010-kayik-qayaqAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S054historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202623 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Wife — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 7
WITNESSES: 1
COMPARISONS: 8
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mw-wifeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S055historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon187422 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — FRÆNDI

Clarendon Press · old-norse.net digital edition reproduced in ONP

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S056historical dictionary

Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · Trier Center for Digital Humanities202522 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — feind, m.

Trier Center for Digital Humanities

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dwb-feindAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S057historical dictionary

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors201022 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — frǽndi, masculine noun

University of Copenhagen

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S058book chapter

Elizabeth Closs Traugott201422 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Toward a constructional framework for research on language change

John Benjamins Publishing Company

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S059historical dictionary

John R. Clark Hall191621 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — hete and related entries

Project Gutenberg digital edition

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S060institutional lexicon

DudenredaktionDATE NOT RECORDED21 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

hetzen — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft

Cornelsen Verlag · Duden

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S061scholarly reference

Anders Richardt Jørgensen202220 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Celtic, chapter 9 of The Indo-European Language Family

Cambridge University Press

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S062historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202620 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Checkmate — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S063historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202620 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dairy — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S064historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202620 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Host — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S065scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202620 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root mūs-

HarperCollins

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S066scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202220 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root wer-5

HarperCollins

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S067scholarly database

William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart201419 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction, Version 1.1

University of Michigan Linguistics

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S068historical dictionary

Douglas Harper202619 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Emotion — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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S069research database

Linguistics Research CenterDATE NOT RECORDED19 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: *leubh-

University of Texas at Austin

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S070scholarly dictionary

Rosemarie Lühr201419 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kuning — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen V

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht · Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

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S071digitized primary source

John Harris170419 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences

Printed for Dan. Brown et al.

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S072historical dictionary

Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team202618 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m.

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

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S073historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202618 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dialogue — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S074contemporary dictionary

Dudenredaktion202618 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Duden — Feind

Cornelsen Verlag

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S075historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202618 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary

Merriam-Webster

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S076research database

Linguistics Research Center editors202618 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon — kʷē̆d-, kʷō̆d- and its bore, prick, whet, and incite reflexes

The University of Texas at Austin

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S077research article

Albert Morey Sturtevant195418 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Notes on Gothic Forms — Hatan : hatjan “to hate”

Language · Linguistic Society of America · Cambridge University Press

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S078historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202617 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Adverb — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S079historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202617 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Candid — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S080historical dictionary

Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm187817 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — Freund

S. Hirzel · digital presentation by DWDS

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S081technical reference

Unicode ConsortiumDATE NOT RECORDED17 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

FAQ — Emoji and Pictographs

Unicode Consortium

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S082historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202617 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humiliate — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S083research database

Linguistics Research Center EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED17 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: legh-

University of Texas at Austin

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uta-pie-leghAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S084scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors202217 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root skei-

HarperCollins

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S085contemporary dictionary

Svenska Akademiens ordboksredaktion202617 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Svensk ordbok — fiende

Svenska Akademien

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S086historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon187416 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjá

Clarendon Press · digital transcription

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S087historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chai — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S088historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Fiction — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S089historical dictionary

Aage Hansen · Sv. Eegholm-Pedersen · Christopher MaaløeDATE NOT RECORDED16 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Holbergordbog — Fiende

Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab

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S090historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Intelligent — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S091historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202216 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Loaf — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S092historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Prologue — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-prologueAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S093comparative database

StarLing database editorsDATE NOT RECORDED16 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Proto-Germanic xatiz, xatōn-, -ēn- and *xatjan-

StarLing

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S094historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Royal — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S095monograph

J. P. Mallory & D. Q. Adams200616 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

Oxford University Press

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S096historical grammar

Wilhelm Braune · translated and edited by Gerhard H. Balg189515 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Gothic Grammar with Selections for Reading and a Glossary — hatan and hatjan

Project Gutenberg edition of the second edition

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S097historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algorism — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S098historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon · Sampo Silvennoinen digital edition187415 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — hatr

Oxford Clarendon Press · digital public-domain edition

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S099historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202215 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Boy — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S100historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Collect — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-collectAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S101contemporary dictionary

Dudenredaktion202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Duden — Hass

Cornelsen Verlag

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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S102historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Jonathan Slocum189815 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

HETTAN; HETTEND — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Dictionary H

Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
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S103historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202215 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hate — definition and etymology

HarperCollins Publishers

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S104historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Husband — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S105historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legend — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-legendAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S106historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lesson — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S107historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lord — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S108historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202615 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Proverb — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-proverbAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S109historical dictionary

Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short187915 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Verbum — Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary

Clarendon Press

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S110historical dictionary

CNRTL EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED15 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologie: étymologie

CNRTL

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S111historical grammar

R. D. Fulk201814 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatis

John Benjamins Publishing Company · Library of Congress

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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S112historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Arithmetic — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
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S113historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bridegroom — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S114historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Clew — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S115historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Conscience — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S116historical dictionary

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Dime — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S117historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S118scholarly grammar

Todd B. Krause · Jonathan Slocum202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Online, Lesson 8 — hatis and denominative hatizōn

Linguistics Research Center · University of Texas at Austin

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S119historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý201414 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

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S120historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kindred — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

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S121lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED14 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: λόγος

University of Chicago

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S122historical dictionary

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Mussel — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S123historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Omniscient — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S124historical dictionary

ODS editorial team192214 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ordbog over det danske Sprog — Fjende

Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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S125historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202214 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Regal — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
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S126historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Regular — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S127historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Regulate — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S128historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Salary — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S129historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202614 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Select — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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COMPARISONS: 4
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S130historical dictionary

Henry George Liddell · Robert Scott · Henry Stuart Jones194014 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

ἔτυμος — A Greek-English Lexicon

Scaife ATLAS · Perseus Digital Library

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S131historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bride — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
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S132historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Emotion — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
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S133historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymology — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S134historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Exhume — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S135research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 1:71, hatandane

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S136research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 6:27, hatandans

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S137historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Jonathan Slocum189813 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

HATIAN — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Dictionary H

Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin

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S138historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hospital — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S139historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humble — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-humbleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S140historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lady — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S141historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legal — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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COMPARISONS: 2
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RANKED REVEALS: 2
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S142historical dictionary

Middle English Dictionary Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Middle English Dictionary — fẹ̄nd, n.

University of Michigan

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S143historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Verbal — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S144historical dictionary

Middle English Dictionary Editors202613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

girle — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan

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S145historical dictionary

Real Academia Española · Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española202412 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Aguacate — Diccionario de la lengua española

RAE · ASALE

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S146historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algorithm — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-algorithmAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S147historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202212 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: -logy or -ology

HarperCollins

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S148historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202212 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: conscience

HarperCollins

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S149historical dictionary

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Calculate — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S150historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Candor — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S151historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

December — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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COMPARISONS: 2
CONTEXT LINKS: 0
RANKED REVEALS: 1
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S152historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Decimal — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
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S153historical dictionary

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors201012 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — fjá, poetic verb

University of Copenhagen

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S154historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Disaster — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S155historical dictionary

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Feign — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S156historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

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S157historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hospitality — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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DISPUTES: 1
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DOSSIER CITATIONS: 5

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S158historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humiliation — Definition and Etymology

Merriam-Webster

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S159historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Icon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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S160historical dictionary

Douglas Harper202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Icon — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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S161scholarly lexicon

University of Texas Linguistics Research Center202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: mūs-

University of Texas at Austin

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S162historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Intelligence — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S163scholarly dictionary

Rosemarie Lühr201412 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kunni — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen V

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht · Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

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S164historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Law — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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S165historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lecture — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S166historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Nescience — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S167historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Nice — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 5
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S168historical dictionary

Dictionary of South African English EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED12 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ubuntu, noun

Dictionary of South African English

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S169historical dictionary

Duden Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Weib — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft

Cornelsen Verlag

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S170historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Woman — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S171historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202612 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Word — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 4
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S172scholarly dictionary

Rosemarie Lühr201412 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

liuben; giliuben; liubi; liubî — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen

Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

CANONICAL EDGES: 3
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S173historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

-logy — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S174historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202211 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: prescient

HarperCollins

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S175historical dictionary

Douglas Harper202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Arithmetic — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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S176historical dictionary

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Chess — Word History

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S177historical dictionary

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Conscious — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-consciousAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S178historical dictionary

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors202311 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — hata, verb

University of Copenhagen

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S179historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Direct — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S180historical dictionary

Douglas Harper202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologize — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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S181historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Female — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

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S182historical grammar

Joseph Wright191011 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Grammar of the Gothic Language — glossary entries hatan, hatis, hatizōn, and hatjan

Germanic Lexicon Project digital edition

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S183historical dictionary

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Human — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

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S184scholarly lexicon

University of Texas Linguistics Research Center202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: ghosti-s

University of Texas at Austin

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S185research database

Linguistics Research Center EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED11 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Lexicon: sal-

University of Texas at Austin

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S186lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED11 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: ἐτυμολογία

University of Chicago

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S187historical dictionary

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Male — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

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S188editorial reference

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Muscle and Mussel — Homophones with More Than One Syllable

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S189institutional lexicon

H. C. Petersen198711 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Qajaq-terms

Oqaasileriffik · Atuakkiorfik

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S190historical dictionary

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Robot — Word History

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S191historical dictionary

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Rule — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S192historical dictionary

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Ten — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S193historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202211 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

True — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S194historical dictionary

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Verbatim — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S195historical dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial teamDATE NOT RECORDED11 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal — VRIEND I

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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S196historical dictionary

Dudenredaktion202611 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

lieb — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft

Duden

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S197historical dictionary

Oxford University Press Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algebra — Word Origin

Oxford University Press

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S198historical dictionary

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Avocado — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S199historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202210 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Betroth — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S200historical dictionary

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Calculator — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

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S201historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Decimate — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-decimateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S202historical dictionary

Douglas Harper202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dialogue — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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S203historical dictionary

Wilhelm Streitberg191010 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Die gotische Bibel — Wörterbuch entry hatis

Carl Winter · Project Wulfila digital edition

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S204historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202210 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Direct — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S205historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Emoticon — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S206scholarly dictionary

Robert S. P. Beekes201010 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological Dictionary of Greek

Brill

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S207historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologize — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary

Merriam-Webster

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S208research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Bible word analysis — John 7:23, hatizoþ

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S209digitized primary source

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek · Münchener DigitalisierungsZentrum87510 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Heliand — BSB Cgm 25, scan 45, folio 22r, hatan locus

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek

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S210historical dictionary

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Hospice — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S211historical dictionary

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Hotel — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S212historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kayak — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S213historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legible — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S214research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma hatan — Gothic dictionary and occurrence inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S215historical dictionary

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Llama — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S216historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logic — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S217historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mango — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S218historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Muscle — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S219academic thesis

Martin Gális201710 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mycenae, Troy and Anatolia: Mycenaean Names in Hittite Documents, and Anatolian Names in the Homeric Iliad

Charles University, Faculty of Arts

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S220historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors202210 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Realm — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S221historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Realm — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S222historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Taboo — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S223historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tepee — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S224historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors202610 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Verb — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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S225historical dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial team199810 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek — VIANT I

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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S226scholarly reference

Daniel Balland and Marcel Bazin201310 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

ČĀY — Tea

Encyclopaedia Iranica

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iranica-teaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S227historical dictionary

Geir T. Zoëga19109 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic — fjá

Oxford University Press · digital transcription

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S228historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Alpaca — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S229historical dictionary

Dietrich Hofmann · Anne Tjerk Popkema20089 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch — extracted entry hatia

Universitätsverlag Winter · extracted web presentation

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S230historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon18749 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — hata

Clarendon Press · digital transcription

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S231historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bayou — Word History and etymology note

Merriam-Webster

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S232historical dictionary

Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED9 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

CNRTL / TLFi: législation — Étymologie et histoire

CNRTL / ATILF

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cnrtl-legislationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S233historical dictionary

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors20259 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — ²hatr, neuter noun

University of Copenhagen

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S234historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologist — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary

Merriam-Webster

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mw-etymologistAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S235historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Figure — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-figureAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S236historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hostel — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-hostelAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S237historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hostile — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-hostileAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S238historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20229 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Husband — American Heritage Dictionary and Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-husbandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S239scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20229 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Roots: man-1 and men-1

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-man1AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S240historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Intellect — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-intellectAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S241historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Jaguar — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-jaguarAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S242historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20229 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kindred — definition and etymology

HarperCollins Publishers

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ahd-kindredAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S243historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legislation — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-legislationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S244historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Loaf — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-loafAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S245historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Muscle — Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-muscleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S246historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mussel — Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-musselAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S247historical dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED9 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Oxford English Dictionary: clue, n.

Oxford University Press

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S248historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Person — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-personAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S249historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Prescient — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-prescientAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S250historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Prologue — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-prologueAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S251historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20229 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Rich — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-richAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S252historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Rich — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-richAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S253historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Truce — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-truceAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S254historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20269 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Trust — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-trustAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S255historical dictionary

ATILF · CNRS · Université de Lorraine20129 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologique — Trésor de la langue française informatisé

Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales

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S256historical dictionary

ATILF · CNRS · Université de Lorraine20129 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymon — Trésor de la langue française informatisé

Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales

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S257historical dictionary

Max Vasmer19539 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Чай — Этимологический словарь русского языка

Vasmer Etymological Dictionary · Lexicography.online

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S258journal article

Lesley Evans Ogden20218 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Brief Biological History of Quarantine: Modern use of an ancient tool

BioScience / Oxford University Press

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S259scholarly reference

Rüdiger Schmitt19838 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Achaemenid Dynasty I: The Clan and Dynasty

Encyclopaedia Iranica

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S260historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algorism — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-algorismAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S261research database

Calvert Watkins · American Heritage Dictionary Editors20118 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

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ahd-ie-bherAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S262historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: lay

HarperCollins

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ahd-layAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S263historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: omniscient

HarperCollins

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ahd-omniscientAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S264historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Betroth — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-betrothAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S265historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý20148 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — feón, to hate

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

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S266historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologist — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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etymonline-etymologistAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S267historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Female — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-femaleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S268scholarly dictionary

N. van Wijk, after Johannes Franck19128 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Franck’s Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal — liefhebben, liefde, lief

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal digital edition

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S269historical dictionary

Gammeldansk Ordbogs redaktionDATE NOT RECORDED8 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gammeldansk Ordbog — fiende

Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab

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S270historical dictionary

CNRTL · ATILF Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humiliation — étymologie et histoire

CNRS · Université de Lorraine

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cnrtl-humiliationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S271scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: dhē(i)-

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-dheiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S272historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kin — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

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S273research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma hatis — Gothic dictionary and fifteen-token occurrence inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S274research database

Lexicon Poeticum · Skaldic Project editorsDATE NOT RECORDED8 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lexicon Poeticum — fjándi, noun masculine, enemy or devil

University of Copenhagen · Skaldic Project

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S275lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED8 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: candeo

University of Chicago

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logeion-candeoAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S276historical dictionary

Australian National Dictionary CentreDATE NOT RECORDED8 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms — boomerang

Australian National University

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andc-boomerangAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S277historical dictionary

Eelco Verwijs · Jacob Verdam · Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal19298 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek — VRIENT I

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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mnw-vrientAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S278historical dictionary

Middle English Dictionary editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Middle English Dictionary — frẹ̄nd, n.

University of Michigan

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med-frendAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S279historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Moose — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-mooseAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S280scholarly reference

Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel and University of Texas Linguistics Research Center EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED8 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Old Irish Online: Introduction

University of Texas at Austin

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ut-old-irishAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S281historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Prescient — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-prescientAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S282historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Right — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-rightAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S283scholarly reference

Kirsti Aapala · Klaas Ruppel20198 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Sauna

Institute for the Languages of Finland (Kotus)

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kotus-saunaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S284historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20268 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Shah — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-shahAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S285etymological dictionary

Elof Hellquist19228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Svensk etymologisk ordbok — fiende, scan p. 135

C. W. K. Gleerups förlag · Project Runeberg

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hellquist-1922-fiendeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S286scholarly monograph

Marta Tío Sáenz20198 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Lemmatisation of Old English Weak Verbs on a Relational Database

Universidad de La Rioja

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S287historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Troth — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-trothAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S288historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20228 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Woman — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-womanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S289historical dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial team19598 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal — VIJAND

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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wnt-vijandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S290historical dictionary

Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short18798 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

hostis — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary

Scaife ATLAS · Perseus Digital Library

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ls-hostisAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S291scholarly lexicon

Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short · Scaife ATLAS Editors18798 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

rēx — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary

Tufts University Scaife ATLAS

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scaife-ls-rexAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S292institutional lexicon

Académie française Editors20248 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymon — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition

Académie française

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
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academie-french-etymonAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S293historical dictionary

Henry George Liddell · Robert Scott · Henry Stuart Jones19408 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

ἐτήτυμος — A Greek-English Lexicon

Scaife ATLAS · Perseus Digital Library

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
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scaife-lsj-etetymosAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S294historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

-ist — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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etymonline-suffix-istAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S295historical dictionary

Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.20017 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

-rē̆de(n suffix — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan Library

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med-rede-reden-suffixAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S296historical dictionary

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Editors20127 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ahuacatl — Gran Diccionario Náhuatl

Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas · UNAM

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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unam-gdn-ahuacatlAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S297historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algebra — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-algebraAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S298historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: conscious

HarperCollins

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ahd-consciousAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S299historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: legible

HarperCollins

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ahd-legibleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S300historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chthonic — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-chthonicAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S301research database

Rita van de Poel · Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Corpus Oudfries — About and version 1.0

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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corpus-oudfries-aboutAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S302historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dough — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-doughAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S303journal article

Emerging Infectious Diseases Editors20137 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymologia: Quarantine

Emerging Infectious Diseases / CDC

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S304historical dictionary

Oskar Reichmann et al.DATE NOT RECORDED7 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch — hetzen

Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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fwb-hetzenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S305historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Girl — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
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mw-girlAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S306historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hammock — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-hammockAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S307historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hogan — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-hoganAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S308historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Host — Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-hostAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S309historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humility — Definition, Use, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-humilityAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S310scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: bheue- and bheu-

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-bheueAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S311institutional lexicon

Türk Dil Kurumu Editors20237 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kayık — Güncel Türkçe Sözlük

Türk Dil Kurumu

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tdk-kayikAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S312historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kimchi — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-kimchiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S313scholarly dictionary

Rosemarie Lühr20147 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kind — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen V

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht · Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

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ewa-kindAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S314historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kind — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-kindAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S315scholarly reference

Norvin W. Richards20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lecture 23: Historical Linguistics — Latin rēx, rēgis, and sound change

MIT OpenCourseWare

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mit-historical-linguistics-rexAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S316historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legislation — Definition and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-legislationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S317historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legislator — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-legislatorAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S318research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma hatizon — class-II Gothic verb and one-occurrence inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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wulfila-hatizonAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S319lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED7 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: legō / legere

University of Chicago

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logeion-lego-latinAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S320historical dictionary

Thomas Plate · Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch teamDATE NOT RECORDED7 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch — hetzen

Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz

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mhdwb-hetzenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S321historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mouse — Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-mouseAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S322research database

Linguistics Research Center editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Old High German Reflex Index — Pokorny k̑ād-

The University of Texas at Austin

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ut-ohg-reflex-index-kadAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S323historical dictionary

Johan FritznerDATE NOT RECORDED7 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ordbog over Det gamle norske Sprog — hata

Digital transcription

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fritzner-hataAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S324historical dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED7 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Oxford English Dictionary: sincere, adj.

Oxford University Press

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oed-sincereAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S325historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Poncho — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-ponchoAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S326historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Regal — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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mw-regalAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S327historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Salt — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-saltAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S328historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Shaman — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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mw-shamanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S329peer reviewed chapter

Petri Kallio20087 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Etymology of Finnish sauna “Sauna”

Peeters · University of Helsinki Research Portal

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S330academic thesis

Christopher Gordon Bailey19977 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Etymology of the Old High German Weak Verb

Newcastle University

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S331historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

True — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-trueAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S332historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Truth — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-truthAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S333historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20227 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Wife — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-wifeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S334historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yogurt — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-yogurtAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S335institutional lexicon

Académie française Editors20247 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologie — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition

Académie française

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academie-etymologieAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S336institutional lexicon

Académie française Editors20247 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologique — Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 9e édition

Académie française

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academie-french-etymologiqueAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S337historical dictionary

H. G. Liddell and R. Scott; Centre for the Greek Language editors20077 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

μῦς — Liddell and Scott Ancient Greek Dictionary

Centre for the Greek Language

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cgl-ls-mysAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S338lexical database

Calfa Armenian Lexicography Project Editors20267 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ստոյգ, ուգաց — Enriched Dictionaries of Armenian

Calfa.fr

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calfa-stoygAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S339contemporary dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial teamDATE NOT RECORDED6 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek — vijand, grammar and corpus examples

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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anw-vijandAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S340historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: emotion

HarperCollins

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ahd-emotionAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S341historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichy20146 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online — freón

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

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bosworth-toller-freonAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S342etymological dictionary

Friedrich Kluge · translated by John Francis Davis18916 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language — hetzen

George Bell & Sons · Wikisource scan

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kluge-1891-hetzenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S343historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth, Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, and Ondřej Tichý20146 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

BRÝD — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

Faculty of Arts, Charles University

CANONICAL EDGES: 2
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bosworth-toller-brydAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S344digitized scholarly edition

James A. Harrison · Robert Sharp18936 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem — glossary entry hatian

Wikisource digital edition

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harrison-sharp-beowulf-glossaryAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S345historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Boomerang — Word History

Merriam-Webster

CANONICAL EDGES: 1
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mw-boomerangAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S346historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chalk — Word History and Etymology Note

Merriam-Webster

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mw-chalkAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S347institutional lexicon

Porto Editora Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chá — Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa

Porto Editora

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infopedia-portuguese-chaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S348comparative dictionary

Robert L. Rankin, Richard T. Carter, A. Wesley Jones, John E. Koontz, David S. Rood, and Iren Hartmann, editors20156 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Comparative Siouan Dictionary — dwell, dwelling, house

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

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comparative-siouan-dwellingAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S349lexical database

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and HumanitiesDATE NOT RECORDED6 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Corpus of Latin Dictionaries: candidatus

BBAW

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cld-candidatusAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S350digitized primary source

Gaius Julius Caesar; T. Rice Holmes, editor19146 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

De Bello Gallico — Latin edition in the Scaife Viewer

Perseus Digital Library · Scaife Viewer

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caesar-gallic-war-scaifeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S351critical edition

W. J. Buma19496 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Die Brokmer Rechtshandschriften — B 101 and critical note hatia = atia

Springer

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buma-brokmer-hatia-atiaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S352journal article

Mirjam Marti Heinzle20136 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Doppelformen von ēn- und ōn-Verben im Althochdeutschen

NOWELE · John Benjamins Publishing Company

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marti-heinzle-ohg-en-on-double-formsAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S353contemporary dictionary

Dudenredaktion20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Duden — Freund

Cornelsen Verlag

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duden-freundAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S354historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Emoji — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-emojiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S355historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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etymonline-etymologicalAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S356historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hatred — definition and etymology

HarperCollins Publishers

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ahd-hatredAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S357historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Human — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-humanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S358historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humility — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-humilityAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S359historical dictionary

CNRTL · ATILF Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humilité — étymologie et histoire

CNRS · Université de Lorraine

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cnrtl-humiliteAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S360historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humus — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-humusAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S361scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: wer-3

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-wer3AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S362historical dictionary

Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.20016 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kin n. — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan Library

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med-kinAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S363research database

Project Wulfila editors; Wilhelm Streitberg20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma *liufs — Gothic dictionary

Project Wulfila

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S364research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma hatjan — Gothic dictionary and occurrence inventory

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S365historical dictionary

Dudenredaktion20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Liebe — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft

Duden

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duden-liebeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S366historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lord — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-lordAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S367historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Male — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-maleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S368historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20226 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Man — American Heritage Dictionary and Word History

HarperCollins

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ahd-manAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S369historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Man — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-manAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S370historical dictionary

Georg Friedrich Benecke · Wilhelm Müller · Friedrich Zarncke18546 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch — haʒʒe, swv.

Wörterbuchnetz · Trier Center for Digital Humanities

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bmz-hazzeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S371historical dictionary

Johan FritznerDATE NOT RECORDED6 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ordbog over Det gamle norske Sprog — frændi

University of Oslo digital edition reproduced in ONP

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S372monograph

Lucía Loureiro-Porto20246 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Pragmatic Markers in World Englishes: Kind of and Sort of as a Case in Point

Publicacions de la Universitat de València

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loureiro-porto-kind-ofAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S373scholarly article

Tristano Bolelli and Enrico Campanile19726 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Sur la préhistoire des noms gaulois en -rīx

Études Celtiques · Persée

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S374scholarly book

Andrei A. Znamenski20076 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and Western Imagination

Oxford University Press

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znamenski-2007-shamanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S375editorial reference

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Original Definition of Decimate

Merriam-Webster

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mw-decimate-usageAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S376historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20266 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tree — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-treeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S377conference paper

Erdoğan Boz20126 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Türkçe Sözlüklerde Çok Anlamlı Sözlük Birimlerindeki Art Zamanlı Anlam Değişme Olayları ve “Çay” Örneği

VII. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı Bildirileri · Türk Dil Kurumu

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boz-2012-turkish-cayAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S378scholarly book

Leonhard Praeg · Siphokazi Magadla, editors20146 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ubuntu: Curating the Archive

University of KwaZulu-Natal Press · University of Pretoria repository

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praeg-magadla-ubuntuAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S379pronunciation reference

WikiWoordenboek contributorsDATE NOT RECORDED6 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

WikiWoordenboek — vriend pronunciation and syllabification

Wikimedia Foundation

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wikiwoordenboek-vriend-pronunciationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S380institutional vocabulary

Ministerio de Educación del Perú20206 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yatichaña aru pirwa: Vocabulario pedagógico aimara

Ministerio de Educación del Perú

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peru-minedu-aymara-allphaqaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S381historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

-al — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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etymonline-suffix-alAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S382historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

-ize — Online Etymology Dictionary

Etymonline

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etymonline-suffix-izeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S383editorial reference

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

9 Financial Words With Surprising Origins

Merriam-Webster

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mw-financial-word-originsAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S384monograph

R. D. Fulk20185 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages

John Benjamins Publishing Company · Library of Congress

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fulk-comparative-germanicAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S385scholarly article

Peter Zieme20085 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Note on the Word “Shaman” in Old Turkic

Shaman · International Society for Academic Research on Shamanism

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zieme-2008-shamanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S386historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: icon

HarperCollins

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ahd-iconAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S387historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: intellect

HarperCollins

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ahd-intellectAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S388historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Boy — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-boyAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S389historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bridegroom — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-bridegroomAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S390institutional lexicon

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bók — creek

MBCI Choctaw Language Dictionary

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mbci-choctaw-bokAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S391historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Candidate — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-candidateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S392historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Chthonic — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-chthonicAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S393historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · T. Northcote Toller · online editors18985 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Cyn, cynn — Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

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bt-cynnAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S394historical dictionary

Heidelberger Akademie der WissenschaftenDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch — hetzen, hessen

Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften

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drw-hetzenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S395scholarly dictionary

Hrach K. Martirosyan20105 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon

Brill

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martirosyan-2010AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S396historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · T. Northcote Toller · online editors18985 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ge-cynde — Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

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bt-gecyndeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S397historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Girl — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-girlAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S398research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:44, hatjandam

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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S399historical dictionary

Real Academia Española · Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española20245 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hamaca — Diccionario de la lengua española

RAE · ASALE

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rae-hamacaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S400community lexicon

Navajo Word of the Day Editors20125 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hooghan — home or house

Navajo Word of the Day

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S401scholarly lexicon

Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short · Scaife ATLAS Editors18795 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humilitas — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary

Tufts University Scaife ATLAS

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scaife-ls-humilitasAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S402institutional reference

Canadian Language Museum20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indigenous Languages in Canada — English loans

Canadian Language Museum · York University

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language-museum-indigenous-loansAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S403scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root ad-

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-adAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S404historical dictionary

Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicalesDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Jaguar — étymologie

CNRTL · CNRS

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cnrtl-jaguarAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S405historical dictionary

Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.20015 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kīnd(e adj. — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan Library

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med-kinde-adjectiveAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S406scholarly essay

Fernando Iwasaki20235 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

La universalidad del español: encuentros y contactos lingüísticos

IX Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española

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iwasaki-poncho-spanishAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S407historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lay — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-layAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S408historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lay — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-layAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S409historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Legible — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-legibleAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S410research database

Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lemma fian — redirect and historical dictionary variant

Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp

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wulfila-fianAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S411lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: astrum

University of Chicago

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logeion-astrumAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S412lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: intellegō

University of Chicago

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S413lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: lex

University of Chicago

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logeion-lexAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S414lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: sincerus

University of Chicago

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S415scholarly article

Gilberto Sánchez Cabezas20105 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Los mapuchismos en el DRAE

Boletín de Filología, Universidad de Chile

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sanchez-mapuchismos-ponchoAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S416scholarly reference

The Oxford Classical Dictionary Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Masks

Oxford University Press

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ocd-masksAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S417historical dictionary

Monier Monier-Williams18995 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: rājan and rāja

Clarendon Press · University of Hyderabad digital edition

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S418historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mouse — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-mouseAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S419scholarly article

Elżbieta Adamczyk20015 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Old English Reflexes of Sievers’ Law

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia · Adam Mickiewicz University Repository

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adamczyk-sievers-lawAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S420historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Orphan — Indo-European Etymology

Merriam-Webster

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mw-orphanAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S421historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Person — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-personAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S422historical dictionary

Real Academia Española and ASALE Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Poncho — Diccionario de la lengua española

Real Academia Española

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rae-ponchoAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S423historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Prosopopeia — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-prosopopeiaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S424historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Quarantine — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-quarantineAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S425historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Regular — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-regularAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S426scholarly article

Jussi YlikoskiDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Suomen kiuas, karjalan kiukua ja havaintoja etymologian tutkimusperinteestä

Sananjalka

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ylikoski-kiuasAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S427institutional lexicon

John C. Moorfield20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tapu — Te Aka Māori Dictionary

Te Aka Māori Dictionary · Te Murumāra Foundation

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te-aka-tapuAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S428historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Troth — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-trothAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S429historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20225 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Trust — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-trustAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S430historical dictionary

CNRTL EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED5 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologie: candidat / candidate

CNRTL

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cnrtl-candidateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S431institutional lexicon

Rekhta Dictionary Editors20265 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

چائے — Rekhta Dictionary

Rekhta Foundation

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rekhta-urdu-chaaeAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S432historical dictionary

Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda19315 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

چای — لغت‌نامه دهخدا

Vajehyab · Dehkhoda Dictionary

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dehkhoda-persian-chayAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S433historical dictionary

Hermann Gundert18724 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

A Malayalam and English Dictionary — māṅṅa

C. Stolz · Trübner & Co. · Columbia University Libraries digital copy

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S434historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Be- — Prefix Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-be-prefixAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S435historical dictionary

Bosworth & TollerDATE NOT RECORDED4 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bosworth–Toller: lufu

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

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bt-lufuAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S436historical dictionary

Oxford University Press Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Boy — Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Word Origin

Oxford University Press

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oxford-boyAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S437etymological dictionary

Wolfgang Pfeifer · DWDS editorial team20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

DWDS — hassen, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences

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S438historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Figure — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-figureAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S439research database

Project Wulfila editors; Wilhelm Streitberg20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Gothic Bible word analysis — Mark 1:11

Project Wulfila

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S440historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humiliate — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-humiliateAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S441historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humiliation — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-humiliationAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S442scholarly lexicon

University of Chicago Logeion · Lewis and Short Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humilis — Logeion lexical record

University of Chicago

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logeion-humilisAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S443scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Base per-1

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-per1AUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S444historical dictionary

Lorrin Andrews et al.18364 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kapu — Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi

University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo · Ulukau

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wehewehe-kapuAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S445historical dictionary

Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.20014 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

King n. — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan Library

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med-kingAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S446historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

King — definition, etymology, and first known use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-kingAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S447historical dictionary

Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.20014 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Kīnde n. — Middle English Dictionary

University of Michigan Library

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med-kinde-nounAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S448historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Lady — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-ladyAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S449historical dictionary

Douglas Harper20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Law — Origin and history

Online Etymology Dictionary

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etymonline-lawAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S450historical dictionary

Real Academia Española and ASALE Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Llama — Diccionario de la lengua española

Real Academia Española

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rae-llamaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S451lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED4 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: candidus

University of Chicago

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logeion-candidusAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S452lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED4 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: salarium

University of Chicago

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S453historical dictionary

Matthias Lexer18724 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch — haʒʒen, swv.

Wörterbuchnetz · Trier Center for Digital Humanities

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lexer-hazzenAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S454research database

Linguistics Research Center editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Old Saxon Reflex Index — hatan, hatōn, heti, and hōti under k̑ād-

The University of Texas at Austin

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S455journal article

Marta Di Napoli20054 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Persona: storia e significati

Università degli Studi Roma Tre

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dinapoli-personaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S456historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Right — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-rightAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S457historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Royal — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-royalAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S458historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Salt — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Merriam-Webster

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mw-saltAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S459scholarly reference

Harald Wiese20234 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Sanskrit as an Indo-European Language

Heidelberg Asian Studies Publishing

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wiese-sanskrit-ieAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S460historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tea — Definition and Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-teaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S461monograph

Charles Barber · Joan C. Beal · Philip A. Shaw20094 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The English Language: A Historical Introduction, second edition

Cambridge University Press

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barber-beal-shaw-english-languageAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S462historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Word — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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ahd-wordAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S463institutional vocabulary

Ministerio de Educación del Perú20204 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yachachinapaq shimikuna — chawpin qichwa: Vocabulario pedagógico quechua central

Ministerio de Educación del Perú

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peru-minedu-quechua-llamaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S464scholarly article

Emin Erdem Özbek20224 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yoğurt Sözcüğünün Etimolojisi Üzerine Bir Deneme

Oğuz Türkçesi Araştırmaları Dergisi

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ozbek-2022-yogurtAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S465etymological dictionary

University of Warsaw Editors20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

robota — Słownik etymologiczny

University of Warsaw

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uw-robotaAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S466institutional lexicon

Türk Dil Kurumu Editors20234 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Çay — Güncel Türkçe Sözlük

Türk Dil Kurumu

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tdk-turkish-cayAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S467historical dictionary

Institute for Modern Greek Studies editors19984 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

μυς — Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek

Centre for the Greek Language

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cgl-modern-mysAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S468official lexicon

National Institute of Korean Language20264 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

김치 — Korean Basic Dictionary

Republic of Korea

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nikl-kimchiAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S469scholarly article

Robert A. Blust20043 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

*t to k: An Austronesian Sound Change Revisited

Oceanic Linguistics · University of Hawaiʻi Press

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S470historical dictionary

Real Academia Española and ASALE Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Alpaca — Diccionario de la lengua española

Real Academia Española

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S471historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Arithmo- — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S472historical dictionary

Bosworth & TollerDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Bosworth–Toller: cliewen

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

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S473historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Clue — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S474historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Dough — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S475historical dictionary

Joseph Bosworth · T. Northcote Toller · online editors18983 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ge-cynd — Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

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S476historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Hostile — Word History

HarperCollins

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S477historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Humus — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S478research database

IE-CoR Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

IE-CoR Cognate Set 1529: λέγω

Cross-Linguistic Linked Data

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S479scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: gwou-

HarperCollins

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ahd-ie-gwouAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S480lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: colligō

University of Chicago

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S481lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: quadraginta

University of Chicago

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S482lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: quattuor

University of Chicago

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S483lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: λέγω

University of Chicago

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S484historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Love — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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mw-loveAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S485scholarly article

Marcello Meli19963 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Nota sull’etimologia di germanico *kuningaz

Linguistica e Filologia · Università degli Studi di Padova Research Archive

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S486historical dictionary

Johan FritznerDATE NOT RECORDED3 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Ordbog over Det gamle norske Sprog — fjá

Digital transcription

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S487historical dictionary

Merriam-Webster Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Sauna — Word History

Merriam-Webster

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S488scholarly article

Frederick D. McCarthy19613 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The Boomerang

The Australian Museum Magazine

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S489historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Truce — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S490historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20223 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Truth — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S491editorial reference

Merriam-Webster Editors20263 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

What Does Nice Mean, Anyway?

Merriam-Webster

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S492institutional lexicon

Türk Dil Kurumu20233 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yoğurt — Türkçe Sözlük

Türk Dil Kurumu

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S493historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: clew

HarperCollins

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ahd-clewAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S494historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

American Heritage Dictionary: intelligent

HarperCollins

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ahd-intelligentAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

S495historical dictionary

Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon18742 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Cleasby–Vigfusson Old Norse Dictionary: lag

Old Norse Dictionary Project

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S496historical dictionary

Wilhelm Streitberg19102 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Die gotische Bibel — Wörterbuch entries fijan, fian, and fijands

Carl Winter · Project Wulfila digital edition

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S497scholarly article

Annah Moon20112 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

I-Umlaut in Old English: A Weak Trigger Effect

The English Language and Literature Association of Korea

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S498scholarly reference

Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Indo-European Root: okw-

HarperCollins

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S499lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED2 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: ferō / ferre

University of Chicago

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S500lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED2 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: λογικός

University of Chicago

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S501historical dictionary

Middle English Dictionary EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED2 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Middle English Dictionary: love n.

University of Michigan

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S502historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Rule — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S503scholarly reference

Freie Universität Berlin Editors20262 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Sprachwandel — Ältere deutsche Literatur und Sprache

Freie Universität Berlin

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S504historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tepee — Indo-European and Siouan Etymology

HarperCollins

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S505scholarly essay

Anatoly Liberman20182 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

The shortest history of hatred: Part 1

Oxford University Press

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S506historical dictionary

American Heritage Dictionary Editors20222 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Tree — American Heritage Dictionary

HarperCollins

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S507pronunciation reference

WikiWoordenboek contributorsDATE NOT RECORDED2 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

WikiWoordenboek — vijand pronunciation and syllabification

Wikimedia Foundation

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S508historical dictionary

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editors20262 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

lief — Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal

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S509historical dictionary

CNRTL EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED2 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Étymologie: sincère

CNRTL

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S510historical dictionary

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, and Perseus Editors19402 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

πρόσωπον — Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon

Perseus Digital Library

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S511historical dictionary

Wilhelm Streitberg19101 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Die gotische Bibel — Wörterbuch entry hatan

Carl Winter · Project Wulfila digital edition

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S512scholarly series

VariousDATE NOT RECORDED1 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series

Brill

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S513lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED1 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: etymologia

University of Chicago

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S514lexical database

Classics Department EditorsDATE NOT RECORDED1 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Logeion: lēgālis

University of Chicago

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S515institutional lexicon

Türk Dil Kurumu20231 PUBLIC CLAIM LINKS

Yoğurmak — Türkçe Sözlük

Türk Dil Kurumu

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tdk-yogurmakAUDIT THIS SOURCE ↗OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

READING THE REGISTER

WHAT A CITATION DOES—AND DOES NOT—PROVE

01SUPPORTS

The cited passage or record supports the attached historical claim.

02CHALLENGES

The source argues against or complicates the attached analysis.

03CONTRADICTS

The source supplies evidence incompatible with the claim as stated.

04CONTEXT

The source informs chronology or interpretation without proving descent.

SHOW THERECEIPTS.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS A GRAPH, NOT A FOOTNOTE DUMP.

515 SOURCES IN THIS VIEW

Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-

The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concluded

Oxford English Dictionary — fiend, n., revised 2026

Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.

A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanan

Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiand

Indo-European Root reg-

On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formations

Indo-European Root: dhghem-

Indo-European Root deru-

Oudnederlands Woordenboek — fīunt

Indo-European Root: dheigh-

Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-

Lemma fijan — Gothic dictionary and 42-token candidate inventory

Indo-European Root genə-

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîant, fîjant

American Heritage Dictionary — friend

Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîên

Had a Long Day of Travel? Check Into a Hospital

Indo-European Root ghos-ti-

Svenska Akademiens ordbok — FIENDE

The Indo-European Origin of Latin lex

Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — FEÓGAN

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassen

Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijand

eDIL — 1 cais, noun explained as both love and hate

DWDS — Feind, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Indo-European Lexicon: *leg-

Lemma fijands — Gothic enemy noun and 26-token candidate inventory

Chapter 138: Tea

DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vriend

Duden — hassen

Etygram: ἐτός / ἔτυμος dossier

Indo-European Root dekm̥

Check — Word History

Den Danske Ordbog — fjende

Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek-English Lexicon — κῆδος

Science — Word History

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online — feónd

DWDS — Freund, etymology after Wolfgang Pfeifer

Calculus — Word History and Etymology Note

Guest — Word History

Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexes

Chess

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — fjándi, masculine noun

Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics: A

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic

An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online — freónd

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjándi

TAPU [OC] — Prohibited, under ritual restriction, taboo

Urban legends: Turkish kayık “boat” and “Eskimo” qayaq “kayak”

Wife — Definition and Word History

An Icelandic-English Dictionary — FRÆNDI

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — feind, m.

Dictionary of Old Norse Prose — frǽndi, masculine noun

Toward a constructional framework for research on language change

A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — hete and related entries

hetzen — Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft

Celtic, chapter 9 of The Indo-European Language Family

Checkmate — Word History

Dairy — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Host — Word History

Indo-European Root mūs-

Indo-European Root wer-5

Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction, Version 1.1

Emotion — Origin and history

Indo-European Lexicon: *leubh-

Kuning — Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen V

Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m.

Dialogue — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

Duden — Feind

Etymological — Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary

Indo-European Lexicon — kʷē̆d-, kʷō̆d- and its bore, prick, whet, and incite reflexes

Notes on Gothic Forms — Hatan : hatjan “to hate”

SHOW THE
RECEIPTS.

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — fi(j)ēn- and fi(j)and-

A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — xataz, xatjanan, and *xatōjanan

Proto-Germanic xatiz, xatōn-, -ēn- and *xatjan-