PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYwulfila-liufs
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
6 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
research databasewulfila-liufs
Lemma *liufs — Gothic dictionary
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors; Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- research database
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 158GRADE Asupports
A starred Gothic lemma can still be manuscript-attested.
Project Wulfila writes *liufs because the normalized citation form is inferred from inflections. Forms such as liuba and liubans survive in named codices, so this is not the same kind of star as Proto-Germanic *leubaz.
*lewbʰ-
*lewbʰ- → *leubaz → liufs
Lemma *liufs; occurrence inventoryDocuments the starred normalized lemma and its 33 inflected Gothic occurrences.
liufs dossier ↗truth record ↗85UNVEILING
021
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the asterisk in Project Wulfila’s lemma *liufs mean Gothic itself is reconstructed?
No. Project Wulfila links the normalized lemma to 33 inflected occurrences in surviving Gothic manuscripts. The citation form is inferred, while the lexeme and its inflections are attested.
Lemma *liufs; 33 listed occurrencesShows that the normalized starred lemma is backed by multiple inflected manuscript tokens.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 291supportsprobable
liufs → *leubaz
Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Proto-Germanic *eu is reflected as Gothic iu; the stem-final fricative appears as f in the normalized nominative liufs and as b in manuscript inflections such as liuba and liubans.
- MEANING
- The sense dear or beloved remains stable in the surviving biblical uses.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Guus Kroonen · Wilhelm Streitberg · Project Wulfila editors
Lemma *liufs; occurrences liuba, liuban, liubans, liubin, liubaiDocuments the normalized lemma and 33 manuscript-linked inflected occurrences.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
053
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
060
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No journey-stage claim currently cites this source.
070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
084
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.