PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYwright-gothic-grammar-hate-verbs
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
11 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical grammarwright-gothic-grammar-hate-verbs
Grammar of the Gothic Language — glossary entries hatan, hatis, hatizōn, and hatjan
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Joseph Wright
- YEAR
- 1910
- PUBLISHER
- Germanic Lexicon Project digital edition
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical grammar
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 45GRADE Asupports
One Gothic anger verb survives in one question—and not in its dictionary form.
Project Wulfila’s complete current inventory contains one hatizōn token: hatizoþ in John 7:23, “are you angry at me?” Codex Argenteus folio 94v directly preserves the inflection. The manuscript never writes the normalized infinitive or its editorial macron. Grammar then reveals another layer: hatizōn is a class-II verb built from the consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis “hatred” or “wrath.” One English gloss therefore hides a noun-to-verb formation, one surviving grammatical person, and a sharp boundary between pixels and reconstruction.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hatis → hatizōn
Glossary p. 326, hatizōn weak verb II “to be angry”Independently supplies the normalized headword and class.
hatizōn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
024
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsestablished
Can one exact spoken pronunciation be recovered?
No recorded voice survives. The macron and grammatical spelling support a historical phonological analysis, but they do not license an audio-like exact realization.
Macronized glossary form and grammatical classProvides historical notation without acoustic evidence and therefore supports the stated acoustic limit.
opensupportsprobable
How does hatizōn relate to Gothic hatjan and hatan?
The reviewed sources distinguish class-II hatizōn, class-I hatjan, and class-III hatan. Hatis clearly supports two denominatives, while the precise historical relationship among all three verb systems remains disputed.
Glossary entries hatan, hatis, hatizōn, and hatjanLists the distinct lexical citation forms and classes.
resolvedsupportsestablished
What does the surviving token mean in context?
It asks whether the audience is angry at Jesus. Project Wulfila aligns hatizoþ with Greek χολᾶτε and English “are ye angry at me”; Streitberg and Wright gloss the verb with anger rather than a general act of hating.
Glossary p. 326, hatizōn “to be angry”Supplies an independent historical-grammar gloss.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was hatizōn formed from hatis?
Yes as the reviewed grammatical analysis. The University of Texas table explicitly gives hatis, stem hatiz-, and hatizōn; Wright independently classifies the verb as weak class II.
Glossary p. 326, weak verb IIIndependently classifies the verb.
032
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1127contextprobable
hatjan → *xatjanan
Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- The class-I -j- morphology visible in hatjandam supports the normalized infinitive hatjan and corresponds to the reconstructed *-jan- formation; Gothic h continues the Germanic fricative written x in Orel’s notation.
- MEANING
- The surviving Gothic clause means hate. The pursuit sense of Middle High German hetzen is a daughter-branch development and is not projected back as the only Gothic meaning.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Wilhelm Braune · Project Wulfila editors
Glossary p. 326, hatan and hatjanLists the class-III and class-I verbs separately under the same modern gloss.
EDGE 1237supportsestablished
hatizōn → hatis
Gothic → Gothic · derivation
- SOUND
- The consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis receives the class-II weak-verb formation represented by the citation form hatizōn and the written second-person plural hatizoþ. The long ō is an editorial phonological representation, not a separate manuscript letter.
- MEANING
- A noun for hatred, wrath, or anger supplies a verb whose one surviving context means be angry with or at someone. One token does not establish whether the verb ever carried the noun’s entire semantic range.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Todd B. Krause · Jonathan Slocum · Joseph Wright · Wilhelm Streitberg · Project Wulfila editors
Glossary p. 326, hatizōn, weak verb II, “to be angry,” §325Independently lists the normalized verb and its conjugation class.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
054
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
hatan
Gothicthe parallel class-III hate verb kept distinct from the noun-derived formations
hatjan
Gothica separate class-I denominative from the hatis stem, meaning hate
hatan
Gothica separate class-III hate verb whose exact relation to the denominatives remains disputed
hatizōn
Gothica related class-II verb meaning be angry
060
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No journey-stage claim currently cites this source.
070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
083
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
2 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.