PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYbosworth-toller-feon-hate
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
8 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionarybosworth-toller-feon-hate
Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — feón, to hate
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý
- YEAR
- 2014
- PUBLISHER
- Faculty of Arts, Charles University
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 57GRADE Acontext
The verb disappeared from ordinary English; its prehistoric hater survived as fiend.
Old English fēogan meant hate or persecute and had a productive paradigm including feógende. The Germanic active-participial formation had already lexicalized as an enemy noun before the recorded branches. English therefore preserves the family most visibly not in its ordinary verb hate, but in fēond and modern fiend.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → fēogan
Contracted feón entryDocuments the contracted form and its linked relationship to feógan.
fēogan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
024
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
openchallengesprobable
Is fēogan a strong verb or a weak contracted verb?
Bosworth–Toller labels the full FEÓGAN entry strong, but labels linked contracted feón weak and contracted. The displayed past forms in -de also require grammatical explanation. The dossier preserves the source-level tension rather than silently harmonizing it.
Headword label “weak, contracted” and paradigmPublishes a different class label for contracted feón.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Are fēogan and feón separate hate verbs?
No secure split is modeled. Bosworth–Toller links feón directly as a similar entry and the full paradigm lists feón among fēogan’s contracted variants.
Linked entry feón, similar entry feóganConfirms the reciprocal dictionary relationship.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is this hate verb the same word as feón meaning rejoice?
No. Bosworth–Toller records a separate homographic feón meaning rejoice, be glad, or exult. Shared spelling after contraction does not establish shared sense or ancestry.
Entry feón, to hateDocuments the hate homograph.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Do feógean, fiógan, feón, and fión prove separate lexemes?
No. They are presented inside one paradigm or as linked contracted forms. Variation in vowel, spelling, and contraction is evidence about the verb, not a license to multiply headwords.
Similar entry feóganLinks the contracted entry back to the full verb.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1159supportsprobable
fēogan → *fi(j)ēn-
Old English → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old English fēogan and contracted feón continue the Germanic fi(j)- verb with West Germanic vocalic, consonantal, and inflectional development; the exact prehistoric sequence behind every recorded variant remains reconstructed.
- MEANING
- The inherited Germanic hate or hostility verb remains a transitive verb meaning hate or persecute in Old English.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Guus Kroonen
Grammar and sense: feón, he feóþ, past feóde; to hateDocuments the contracted variant and its finite forms under a linked entry.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
051
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
feón
Old Englisha contracted infinitive variant given its own linked dictionary entry
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 3supports
Old English-speaking England
Documents the contracted variant inside the hate-verb family.
Grammar: contracted feón and finite forms · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.