*SET-U

PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD

ALL SOURCES ↗
BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYbraune-balg-gothic-grammar-hate-verbs

SOURCE
RECORD.

One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.

CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

15 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.

This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.

historical grammarbraune-balg-gothic-grammar-hate-verbs

A Gothic Grammar with Selections for Reading and a Glossary — hatan and hatjan

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Wilhelm Braune · translated and edited by Gerhard H. Balg
YEAR
1895
PUBLISHER
Project Gutenberg edition of the second edition
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
historical grammar
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
3CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
3COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
2RANKED REVEALS
7DISPUTES
0JOURNEY STAGES
4WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
RANK 29GRADE Achallenges

One Gothic hate verb survives once—in a command to do good to those who hate you.

Project Wulfila’s only verified hatjan token is hatjandam in Matthew 5:44, directly visible on Codex Argenteus folio 3v. A parallel “love your enemies” command in Luke 6:27 instead uses hatandans from class-III hatan. The translation gloss “hate” therefore hides a genuine grammatical and historical dispute.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatjanan → hatjan

§193 note and glossary p. 170

Preserves the historical-grammar analysis of conjugational fluctuation.

hatjan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 31GRADE Achallenges

Gothic’s two hate verbs trade places across two passages.

The complete surviving hatan corpus contains only hatandane in Luke 1:71 and hatandans in Luke 6:27. In Luke 1, fijandam supplies enemies while hatandane supplies those hating; in Luke 6, hatandans supplies enemies while fijandam supplies those hating. Both Codex Argenteus pages are directly inspected. The lexical swap—and the class-III versus class-I dispute—cannot be represented by one timeless translation arrow.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → hatan

§193 note: hatan fluctuates with class-I hatjan

Preserves the paradigm-fluctuation analysis.

hatan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

7
opensupportsprobable

How should Ephesians 2:3 hatize and hatis be parsed?

The witnesses disagree in form and the analytical layers disagree in labeling. Project Wulfila’s current morphology lists A hatize as genitive plural and B hatis as nominative or accusative singular; Braune calls B hatis a consonantal genitive beside A hatizē, while Streitberg’s later teaching glossary calls genitive hatis erroneous.

§94 note 5: B hatis as a consonantal genitive beside A hatizē

Publishes the historical-grammar treatment of the B form.

hatis dossier ↗dispute record ↗
openchallengesprobable

How does hatizōn relate to Gothic hatjan and hatan?

The reviewed sources distinguish class-II hatizōn, class-I hatjan, and class-III hatan. Hatis clearly supports two denominatives, while the precise historical relationship among all three verb systems remains disputed.

§193 note and glossary p. 170, hatan and hatjan

Shows a tighter fluctuation analysis for two parts of the broader system.

hatizōn dossier ↗dispute record ↗
resolvedsupportsprobable

Does hatis underlie Gothic hatjan and hatizōn?

Historical grammar derives class-I hatjan from the consonantal stem of hatis, and the University of Texas derivational table builds class-II hatizōn “be angry” directly on hatiz-. The separate class-III hatan remains a wider paradigm and reconstruction problem rather than a proved direct daughter of this noun.

Glossary p. 170, hatjan from the consonantal stem of hatis

Publishes the class-I noun-to-verb derivation.

hatis dossier ↗dispute record ↗
resolvedsupportsprobable

Was hatjan derived from the Germanic hate noun?

Probably. Braune derives the class-I verb from the consonantal stem of hatis, and Orel derives *xatjanan from *xataz ~ *xatez. The exact reconstructed notation is editorial, but the noun-to-verb analysis is independently published.

Glossary p. 170, hatjan derived from the consonantal stem of hatis

Publishes the Gothic noun-to-verb derivation.

hatjan dossier ↗dispute record ↗
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
EDGE 1127contextprobable

hatjan → *xatjanan

Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
The class-I -j- morphology visible in hatjandam supports the normalized infinitive hatjan and corresponds to the reconstructed *-jan- formation; Gothic h continues the Germanic fricative written x in Orel’s notation.
MEANING
The surviving Gothic clause means hate. The pursuit sense of Middle High German hetzen is a daughter-branch development and is not projected back as the only Gothic meaning.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Vladimir Orel · Wilhelm Braune · Project Wulfila editors
§193 note and glossary p. 170, hatjan

Treats hatjan as the class-I shape of a verb fluctuating with class-III hatan and derives it from the hatis stem.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1136challengesproposed

hatan → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan

Gothic → Proto-Germanic · competing inheritance

SOUND
On the inherited analysis, Gothic h and the hat- stem continue the Germanic forms Orel writes with x, while the Gothic class-III paradigm is compared with the reconstructed *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan alternation.
MEANING
The Germanic weak-verb family meaning hate continues in the two surviving Gothic participles, one of which is substantivized as enemies.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Vladimir Orel · Project Wulfila editors
§§191–193 and note: class-III -ai- distribution; hatan fluctuates with class-I hatjan

Treats the Gothic forms as conjugational fluctuation rather than a clean separate inheritance.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1141contextproposed

hatan → hatjan

Gothic → Gothic · analogical influence

SOUND
Sturtevant analyzes hatan beside hatjan through a specifically Gothic secondary association with the fijan/fian pattern; Braune independently records fluctuation between class III and class I.
MEANING
The two Gothic hate paradigms overlap semantically and morphologically without proving that every construction or sense was identical.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Albert Morey Sturtevant · Wilhelm Braune
§193 note: hatan fluctuates between class III and class I hatjan

Independently records the overlapping Gothic paradigm analysis.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

0
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

3
hatis

hatjan

Gothic

a class-I weak hate verb derived from the consonantal hatis stem in historical grammar

hatjan

hatis

Gothic

the related hate or wrath noun from whose consonantal stem the class-I verb is analyzed

hatjan

fijan

Gothic

another Gothic verb for hate or detest, visible beside the enemy noun in Luke 6:27

06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

0
No journey-stage claim currently cites this source.
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

4
hatan4 CLAIM LINKS↗hatis3 CLAIM LINKS↗hatizōn1 CLAIM LINKS↗hatjan6 CLAIM LINKS↗

2 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.