A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanan
Publishes the inherited comparative route.
p. 203, *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan and Germanic cognates- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel
- YEAR
- 2003
- PUBLISHER
- Brill
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
Possibly, not securely. Orel publishes *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan behind a Germanic cognate set. Sturtevant instead judges a specifically Gothic secondary origin more probable, and Braune records fluctuation with hatjan.
/ˈha.tan/ · Gothic class-III weak-verb lemma
A Gothic weak verb conventionally glossed hate, represented by exactly two currently reported corpus tokens: hatandane in Luke 1:71 and hatandans in Luke 6:27. Both are present participles; no surviving token writes the normalized infinitive. Their translation behavior defeats a one-word gloss: Luke 1 uses fijandam for enemies and hatandane for those hating, while Luke 6 uses hatandans for enemies and fijandam for those hating. Project Wulfila keeps class-III hatan separate from class-I hatjan, Braune calls the forms conjugational fluctuation, Orel publishes a reconstructed class-III alternation, and Sturtevant argues that the hatan shape may instead be a specifically Gothic secondary formation.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Publishes the inherited comparative route.
p. 203, *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan and Germanic cognatesPreserves the internal-paradigm account.
§193 note: fluctuation between class III and class IPublishes a direct alternative to uncomplicated inheritance.
p. 452, specifically Gothic secondary origin judged more probableThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.