PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYdwds-dwb-hassen
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
37 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionarydwds-dwb-hassen
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hassen
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
012
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 46GRADE Asupports
Old High German hazzōn is a paradigm fault line, not proof that hate originally meant pursue.
The clean dictionary headword conceals paired ēn and ōn forms: Starling reports hazzēn in the eighth century and hazzōn in the ninth, Duden prints haʒʒēn and haʒʒōn, and the UT reflex index also records hazēn and hazōn. Corpus-wide research confirms that Old High German ēn verbs can show ōn double forms. DWB reports aemulari and insequi alignments that support emulation, following, or hostile pursuit—but Pokorny’s comparative warning is exact: Germanic evidence does not prove that pursue was the root’s basic meaning. The normalized form, the source-reported tokens, the paradigm analysis, and the prehistoric semantic claim are four different evidence layers.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn → hazzōn
Opening historical forms and Graff 4, 1071–1072Reports aemulari, insequamur, and insequuntur evidence.
hazzōn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 60GRADE A-supports
German hassen has an action buried under the feeling.
Duden says Middle High German haʒʒen and Old High German haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn formerly also meant pursue. Grimm’s DWB goes further: it calls hostile pursuit or persecution the original sense, reports Old High German following or pursuit alignments and Behaim persecution contexts, then explicitly describes the later sense as more about hostile disposition than hostile deeds. Modern Duden centers hatred and strong aversion. The contrast is real; the one certain prehistoric scene is not.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn → haʒʒen → hassen → hassen
hassen, verb, sense 1 and transition to sense 2Publishes the hostile-pursuit analysis, located historical examples, and deed-to-disposition contrast.
hassen dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
0212
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsproposed
Is hostile pursuit the securely recovered original meaning?
Not beyond dispute. DWB calls it original and Duden independently notes pursue, but the surviving examples, the exact weak-verb reconstruction, and the deeper comparison do not recover one prehistoric scene with certainty.
hassen, verb, opening semantic analysisPublishes the original-pursuit claim and source-reported examples.
opensupportsprobable
Did the shift from persecution to feeling happen in one dated event?
No single event is established. DWB describes a contrast between hostile deeds and a more muted hostile disposition, while historical and modern examples show overlapping contextual ranges.
hassen, verb, transition from hostile deeds to hostile dispositionDescribes a semantic development without assigning one innovation date.
opensupportsproposed
Was pursue the securely recovered basic meaning of the root?
No consensus is established. DWB calls hostile pursuit or persecution original inside the German history, while Pokorny’s account explicitly says the Germanic facts do not establish pursue as the root’s basic meaning.
hassen, verb, sense 1Publishes hostile pursuit or persecution as the original branch meaning.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Did hassen once express hostile action or pursuit?
Yes in the reviewed historical accounts. Duden says the old forms also meant pursue; DWB labels hostile pursuit or persecution the original sense and cites Old and Middle High German alignments.
hassen, verb, sense 1 and transition to sense 2Calls hostile pursuit or persecution original and contrasts later hostile disposition.
resolvedcontextprobable
Are haʒʒēn and haʒʒōn separate unrelated Old High German verbs?
No such split is established. Duden prints both as historical forms of hassen, while the historical sources preserve variant weak-verb formations and spellings.
Opening historical formsGroups the Old and Middle High German forms in one verb history.
resolvedcontextestablished
Does current hassen ordinarily mean physically persecute?
No. Duden’s current meanings center hatred and strong aversion. Pursuit and persecution belong to the historical semantic account, not a requirement of the current standard verb.
Transition from sense 1 to sense 2Places hostile pursuit in the historical analysis.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Were the Behaim examples directly inspected in a manuscript?
No. They are located reports in DWB. Browser permissions blocked the available digitized editions during this review, so neither a manuscript nor printed edition object is promoted as directly inspected.
Behaim Matthew 5:11 and John 5:16 citationsProvides the exact source-reported locators without a directly inspected object.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the 1343 Behaim work establish the first use of hassen?
No. It supplies two located historical contexts, not a complete comparison of all earlier witnesses or a token-level earliest-use proof.
Old High German and multiple Middle High German recordsShows that the Behaim passages cannot by themselves establish first use.
resolvedcontextestablished
Is hazzōn itself a directly inspected manuscript token?
No. The current dossier verifies dictionary and research-database records plus three source-reported lexical alignments; it does not claim a manuscript object for the normalized infinitive.
Graff 4, 1071–1072 reportsSupplies source-reported lexical evidence whose underlying objects were not inspected.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Could the Old High German verb express following or hostile pursuit?
Yes in the reviewed lexical reports. DWB aligns haʒôn with aemulari and hatamas and hatent with forms of insequi; Duden independently says the older verb also meant pursue.
hassen, verb, sense 1; Graff 4, 1071–1072Reports aemulari, insequamur, and insequuntur alignments.
resolvedcontextestablished
Is hazzōn the only correct historical spelling?
No. The reviewed references print hazēn, hazōn, hazzēn, hazzōn, haʒʒēn, haʒʒōn, and haʒôn according to their editorial systems and source conventions.
Opening forms and haʒôn lexical reportAdds DWB’s representation.
resolvedcontextestablished
Can the hazzōn record be pinned to one exact place?
No. The sources identify Old High German forms and a corpus-wide Franconian transition-zone finding, but the accessible evidence does not locate this headword’s reviewed records to a single manuscript place.
Graff 4, 1071–1072 reportsProvides lexical locators but no directly inspected manuscript place.
036
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1184supportsestablished
hassen → hassen
German → Early New High German · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Early New High German hassen continues into New High German with the same normalized spelling while pronunciation, inflection, and usage are standardized over time.
- MEANING
- The modern verb retains person-directed hatred and also supports a broad strong-aversion sense for things and actions; the edge does not assign one intensity to every historical token.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Jacob Grimm
hassen, verb, sense 2 and New High German examplesDocuments the later hostile-disposition center and continuing textual usage.
EDGE 1185supportsestablished
hassen → haʒʒen
Early New High German → Middle High German · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Middle High German haʒʒen continues into the hassen spelling of the Early New High German record as the historical sibilant notation and spelling conventions change.
- MEANING
- The Middle High German record already includes ordinary hating and disliking; action-centered persecution contexts recede while hostile disposition becomes central.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm · Matthias Lexer
hassen, verb, historical forms and sense transitionConnects the Middle High German form with the later record and explains the semantic contrast.
EDGE 1186supportsestablished
haʒʒen → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Middle High German → Old High German · historical continuation
- SOUND
- The reviewed dictionaries connect Middle High German haʒʒen with Old High German haʒʒēn and haʒʒōn. The edge preserves the printed variants rather than inventing one normalized historical token.
- MEANING
- DWB aligns Old High German forms with following or pursuing and describes the later feeling-centered sense as more muted; Middle High German evidence contains both hostile action and disposition.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm · Georg Friedrich Benecke · Wilhelm Müller · Friedrich Zarncke
hassen, verb, opening historical forms and sections 1–2Separates hostile pursuit from the later feeling-centered sense.
EDGE 1187contextprobable
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old High German haʒʒōn belongs to the comparative weak-verb set Orel reconstructs as *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan; the High German branch reflects the consonant-shifted Germanic t in the doubled sibilant spelling.
- MEANING
- The inherited Germanic hate field continues in the Old High German verb, but pursuit, hostile action, and hostile disposition remain competing candidates for the earlier semantic center.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm
Opening comparative paragraph: Gothic, Old High German, Middle High German, and wider Germanic formsPlaces the High German verb in the inherited family.
EDGE 1191contextboundary
*ḱeh₂d- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
- MEANING
- The trail stops before pursuit, persecution, feeling, grief, pain, care, or hatred is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric act.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- SET-U editorial boundary · Anatoly Liberman · Jacob Grimm
hassen, verb, transition between hostile deeds and hostile dispositionShows that even the German action account belongs to a historical analysis rather than an attested prehistoric token.
EDGE 1242contextprobable
hazzōn → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Old High German → Old High German · paradigm variant
- SOUND
- The quantity-normalized citation form hazzōn selects the ōn member of a source set also printed as hazōn and haʒʒōn; hazzēn, hazēn, and haʒʒēn represent the neighboring ēn member. This edge is paradigm navigation, not a claim that one written form changed directly into the combined display.
- MEANING
- The variants occupy the same reviewed hate, emulation, following, and hostile-pursuit field. The edge does not assign every gloss to every token or prove that the ēn and ōn records were interchangeable in every dialect.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm · Starling editors · University of Texas Linguistics Research Center · Mirjam Marti Heinzle
Opening comparative paragraph: Old High German haʒên and haʒônIndependently preserves the paired Old High German forms.
048
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
hassenSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒen
Matthias von Beheim, Matthew 5:11
OPEN WITNESS 379 ↗hassenSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒen
Matthias von Beheim, John 5:16
OPEN WITNESS 380 ↗hassenSOURCE-REPORTED
hassen
Agricola, Sprichwörter
OPEN WITNESS 382 ↗hassenSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Graff lexical record aligned with Latin insequamur
OPEN WITNESS 377 ↗hassenSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Graff lexical record aligned with Latin insequuntur
OPEN WITNESS 378 ↗hazzōnSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Graff lexical record aligned with Latin aemulari
OPEN WITNESS 467 ↗hazzōnSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Graff lexical record aligned with Latin insequamur
OPEN WITNESS 468 ↗hazzōnSOURCE-REPORTED
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Graff lexical record aligned with Latin insequuntur
OPEN WITNESS 469 ↗054
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
Hasser
Germanan agent noun meaning a person who hates
haʒôn
Old High Germanthe DWB citation form aligned through Graff with Latin aemulari
hatamas
Old High Germana source-reported inflection aligned with Latin insequamur
hatent
Old High Germana source-reported inflection aligned with Latin insequuntur
065
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 3supports
Old High German textual world
Reports the Old High German pursuit alignments.
hassen, verb, sense 1; Graff 4, 1071–1072 · broadstage 4supports
Middle High German textual world
Documents the historical action-to-disposition contrast and located examples.
hassen, verb, sections 1–2; Behaim Matthew 5:11 and John 5:16 · broadstage 5supports
Early New High German print record
Anchors a dated early-print example.
hassen, verb, sense 2; Agricola (1560), 89b · broadstage 6context
Middle High German textual world
Independently connects the Old and Middle High German records.
Opening historical forms · broadstage 7context
Modern German usage
Supplies the historical action-to-feeling account.
Transition from hostile deeds to hostile disposition · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
082
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
7 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.