PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYharrison-sharp-beowulf-glossary
SOURCE
RECORD.
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6 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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digitized scholarly editionharrison-sharp-beowulf-glossary
Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem — glossary entry hatian
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- James A. Harrison · Robert Sharp
- YEAR
- 1893
- PUBLISHER
- Wikisource digital edition
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- digitized scholarly edition
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 25GRADE Asupports
Hate was enemy-directed action as well as feeling in Old English.
Old English hatian could mean treating as an enemy, persecuting, or injuring; Beowulf puts the verb beside hostile deeds. The deeper claim that pursuit was the first meaning remains open, and the graph says so.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *hatōjan- → hatian → haten → hate → hate
Glossary entry hatian, Beowulf lines 2320 and 2467 in the editionDocuments hate as enemy action or injury in the two poetic contexts.
hate dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
023
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opencontextproposed
Did hate originally mean pursuit or persecution?
The Germanic action evidence makes pursuit or persecution a serious proposal, not a settled origin. Beowulf, hettan, German hetzen, and Hati support the comparison, but the full deep family remains murky.
Glossary entry hatianDocuments hostile action and injury in Beowulf.
opencontextproposed
Was pursuit the original meaning of hatian?
Possibly relevant, not established. Beowulf, hettan, German hetzen, and the action contexts motivate a pursuit or persecution proposal, but the deeper semantic comparison remains unresolved.
Glossary entry hatianDocuments enemy action and injury in the Beowulf passages.
resolvedcontextestablished
Has hate always meant extreme enmity?
No. The current verb also covers strong dislike, distaste, and polite reluctance, while older English evidence includes hostile treatment and persecution. One gloss cannot be projected across every period and construction.
Glossary entry hatianDocuments older enemy-action and injury senses.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1094contextestablished
haten → hatian
Middle English → Old English · inheritance
- SOUND
- Middle English haten continues Old English hatian with loss of the medial unstressed vowel and inherited infinitive reduction.
- MEANING
- Treat as an enemy or persecute continues as hate; a pursuit sense is relevant to one deeper semantic hypothesis.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman
Glossary entry hatian, lines 2320 and 2467 in that edition’s numberingDocuments hate, enemy action, injury, and the two poetic occurrences.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 3context
Old English records
Publishes the two occurrences and enemy or injury glosses.
Glossary entry hatian · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
082
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.