PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYholbergordbog-fiende
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
16 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionaryholbergordbog-fiende
Holbergordbog — Fiende
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Aage Hansen · Sv. Eegholm-Pedersen · Christopher Maaløe
- YEAR
- Not recorded
- PUBLISHER
- Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 40GRADE Asupports
Modern Danish kept the enemy but lost the hate verb inside its grammar.
DDO identifies fjende as historically a present participle of a verb corresponding to Old Norse fjá, to hate or persecute. Old Danish fiende then survives through a remarkable surface cloud: Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, clipped Fiend, and both two- and three-syllable scans. The current noun no longer means that every enemy literally feels hate; it names active opposition and extends to states, ideologies, animals, weather, and abstractions. The grammatical fossil unveils a history, not a timeless essence.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → *fi(j)and- → fiende → fjende
Headword form history and scansion groupsSupplies the historical variant and syllable evidence.
fjende dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
025
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Can the exact change from fiende to fjende be dated to one event?
No. The records show overlapping spellings, syllable patterns, and editorial judgments rather than one recoverable switch.
Holberg-era forms and scansion groupsShows overlapping surface patterns.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was historical Fiende pronounced with two syllables or three?
Both patterns are source-reported. Holbergordbog separates three-syllable and two-syllable scans and links the latter with Finde and Fînde forms.
Headword sections 1–2 on three- and two-syllable scansionDirectly documents both patterns.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Are Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, and Fiend separate words?
Not in the reviewed articles. They are treated as surface and scansion variants of the same lexical family.
Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, and Fiend sectionsGroups variants within one entry.
resolvedcontextestablished
Can fjende refer only to people?
No. Historical and current records apply it to states, military forces, animals, ideologies, weather, sleep, passions, and other harmful abstractions.
Senses 1–2Adds weather, sleep, passions, and war opponents.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Holberg scansion reproduce ordinary speech exactly?
Not necessarily. It is evidence for metrical realization and variation, not audio or a complete social map of pronunciation.
Metrical scansion analysisSupports bounded pronunciation evidence.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1211supportsprobable
fjende → fiende
Danish → Old Danish · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Old Danish fiende continues through competing Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, and Fiend spellings and two- versus three-syllable realizations before modern fjende and its current pronunciations stabilize.
- MEANING
- The ordinary enemy noun remains central while wartime, ideological, animal, abstract-threat, and historical Devil branches remain contextually available.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Den Danske Ordbogs redaktion · ODS editorial team · Aage Hansen · Sv. Eegholm-Pedersen
Headword form history; senses 1–3Documents two- and three-syllable scansion, variant spellings, clipped Fiend, and broad Holberg-era semantics.
043
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
fjendeSOURCE-REPORTED
fjende
Jacob von Tyboe
OPEN WITNESS 425 ↗fjendeSOURCE-REPORTED
fjende
Peder Paars line
OPEN WITNESS 426 ↗fjendeSOURCE-REPORTED
fjende
Peder Paars line
OPEN WITNESS 427 ↗055
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
Fiende
historical Danisha major historical spelling that could scan as either three syllables or two
Fiænde
historical Danisha Holberg-era variant reported in 1731
Finde
historical Danisha two-syllable-associated historical spelling
Fînde
historical Danisha historical spelling compared with the two-syllable realization
Fiend
historical Danisha clipped poetic surface form in Holbergordbog
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4supports
Early-modern Danish textual world
Documents the early-modern variants and pronunciation evidence.
Headword form history; Tyb 1731 and 1742; Paars scansion · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.