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HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý
- YEAR
- 2014
- PUBLISHER
- Faculty of Arts, Charles University
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Old English turned hate into people-hate, murder-hate, weapon-hate, and war-hate.
Bosworth–Toller lists leód-, morþor-, wǽpen-, and wíg-hete among eleven derived formations. Clark Hall adds hostile speech, a hostile blow, a hostile design, and a charm for producing hate. The noun was a word-building base, not merely a private feeling label.
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hete
HETE examples and Derived forms listLists eleven first elements forming compounds in -hete, including leód-, morþor-, wǽpen-, and wíg-, and shows the simplex noun across several hostile contexts.
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Did hete name only an inward feeling?
No. Historical dictionaries include enmity, malignity, malice, spite, hostility, and persecution, and they document compounds for hostile speech, hostile blows, hostile designs, and other enacted or categorized hostility.
HETE headword gloss and examplesDocuments hate, enmity, malignity, malice, and spite in context.
Was hete an isolated noun rather than a word-building base?
No. Bosworth–Toller lists eleven derived first elements ending in -hete; Clark Hall separately records hetenīþ, heterūn, hetesprǣc, hetesweng, and heteðanc.
Derived forms listLists bil-, cumbol-, ecg-, leód-, mód-, morþor-, níþ-, scyld-, teón-, wǽpen-, and wíg-hete.
Does the Beowulf quotation establish the first use of hete?
No. It is one located edited occurrence among many textual traditions listed by the dictionaries. Without a complete witness comparison and direct manuscript inspection, it cannot be promoted as the first surviving token.
HETE examples, including B. 2554Shows that the Beowulf line is one of numerous located records.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
hete → *hatiz-
Old English → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- The Germanic i-stem *hatiz- yields Old English hete; the exact intermediate West Germanic paradigm is not independently promoted here.
- MEANING
- The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and spite field continues in the Old English noun.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · Anatoly Liberman
HETE entry, etymology sectionSupplies the Old English form and attested Germanic comparisons.
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
hete
Rushworth Gospel gloss reported by Bosworth–Toller
OPEN WITNESS 232 ↗hete
Old English reader occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller
OPEN WITNESS 233 ↗hete
Beowulf occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller
OPEN WITNESS 234 ↗COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon
Supplies the attested comparison set behind the reconstruction.
HETE entry, etymology section · uncertainOld English textual traditions
Documents the form across multiple textual traditions and the productive compound inventory.
HETE entry, examples and derived forms · broadNON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.