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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYbosworth-toller-hete

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historical dictionarybosworth-toller-hete

HETE — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Joseph Bosworth · Thomas Northcote Toller · Christ Sean · Ondřej Tichý
YEAR
2014
PUBLISHER
Faculty of Arts, Charles University
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
historical dictionary
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
1CANONICAL EDGES
3WITNESSES
4COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
3DISPUTES
2JOURNEY STAGES
2WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
RANK 136GRADE Asupports

Old English turned hate into people-hate, murder-hate, weapon-hate, and war-hate.

Bosworth–Toller lists leód-, morþor-, wǽpen-, and wíg-hete among eleven derived formations. Clark Hall adds hostile speech, a hostile blow, a hostile design, and a charm for producing hate. The noun was a word-building base, not merely a private feeling label.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hete

HETE examples and Derived forms list

Lists eleven first elements forming compounds in -hete, including leód-, morþor-, wǽpen-, and wíg-, and shows the simplex noun across several hostile contexts.

02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
resolvedsupportsestablished

Did hete name only an inward feeling?

No. Historical dictionaries include enmity, malignity, malice, spite, hostility, and persecution, and they document compounds for hostile speech, hostile blows, hostile designs, and other enacted or categorized hostility.

HETE headword gloss and examples

Documents hate, enmity, malignity, malice, and spite in context.

03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
EDGE 1087supportsestablished

hete → *hatiz-

Old English → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
The Germanic i-stem *hatiz- yields Old English hete; the exact intermediate West Germanic paradigm is not independently promoted here.
MEANING
The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and spite field continues in the Old English noun.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors · Anatoly Liberman
HETE entry, etymology section

Supplies the Old English form and attested Germanic comparisons.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

3
heteSOURCE-REPORTED

hete

Rushworth Gospel gloss reported by Bosworth–Toller

OPEN WITNESS 232 ↗
heteSOURCE-REPORTED

hete

Old English reader occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller

OPEN WITNESS 233 ↗
heteSOURCE-REPORTED

hete

Beowulf occurrence reported by Bosworth–Toller

OPEN WITNESS 234 ↗
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

4
hatis

Hass

German

the modern German hate noun continuing Old High German haz

hete

hatis

Gothic

a Germanic noun cognate meaning anger or enmity

hete

hatr

Old Norse

a Germanic noun cognate meaning hatred or spite

hete

Hass

German

the modern German continuation of Old High German haz

06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

2
hatis1 CLAIM LINKS↗hete13 CLAIM LINKS↗

1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.