*SET-U

PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD

ALL SOURCES ↗
BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYahd-ie-ad

SOURCE
RECORD.

One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.

CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

5 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.

This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.

scholarly referenceahd-ie-ad

Indo-European Root ad-

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
YEAR
2022
PUBLISHER
HarperCollins
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
scholarly reference
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
2CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
0COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
1DISPUTES
1JOURNEY STAGES
1WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
RANK 98GRADE Acontext

The ad- in adverb is not add.

Latin adverbium joins directional ad- with verbum “word” and translates Greek epirrhema. The modern class can modify far more than verbs.

*werh₁-

*werh₁- → *wer-dho- → verbum → adverbium → adverbe → adverbe → adverb

ad- root entry

Independently identifies the directional component rather than English add.

adverb dossier ↗truth record ↗86UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
EDGE 663supportsestablished

ad- → *ad-

Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance

SOUND
Latin ad- directly continues the reconstructed directional base with stable form.
MEANING
To, toward continues the older to, near, at field.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
ad- entry, Latin descendants

Publishes Latin ad- under the reconstructed directional base.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 664supportsboundary

*ad- → UNKNOWN

Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary

SOUND
No older form is promoted beyond *ad-.
MEANING
The component trail ends at the reviewed comparative base.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
SET-U editorial boundary
ad- entry endpoint

Defines the reviewed component horizon.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

0
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

0
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

1
adverb3 CLAIM LINKS↗