PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYahd-hostile
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
3 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionaryahd-hostile
Hostile — Word History
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- YEAR
- 2022
- PUBLISHER
- HarperCollins
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
010
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No ranked contrarian reveal currently cites this source.
020
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No scholarly dispute currently cites this source.
032
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 132supportsestablished
hostīlis → hostis
Latin → Latin · derivation
- SOUND
- Latin hostīlis is formed from hostis with the relational adjective suffix -īlis.
- MEANING
- The noun “enemy” becomes the adjective “enemy-like” or hostile.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage editors
Latin hostīlis from hostisEDGE 133supportsprobable
hostis → *ghos-ti-
Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance
- SOUND
- Latin hostis continues *ghos-ti-; the inherited word first denoted a foreigner or stranger and later narrowed to an enemy.
- MEANING
- The reciprocal or legally recognized outsider becomes the hostile outsider and enemy as Roman usage changes.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Indo-European Roots · University of Texas LRC
ghos-ti- root pointer040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4supports
English-language hostile senses
Documents current enemy, opposition, and adverse senses and derives Latin hostīlis from hostis while linking the adjective to the ghos-ti- family.
Definition and etymology · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
2 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.