*SET-U

PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYahd-ie-bher

SOURCE
RECORD.

One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.

CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

8 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.

This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.

research databaseahd-ie-bher

American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Calvert Watkins · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
YEAR
2011
PUBLISHER
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
research database
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
3CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
1COMPARISONS
1CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
1DISPUTES
1JOURNEY STAGES
3WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
RANK 183GRADE A−context

Law and legal are semantic twins, not direct relatives.

Law comes from Scandinavian “what is laid down”; legal comes from Latin lēx. Only a possible, explicitly uncertain prehistoric route may reconnect them.

*legh-

*legh- → *lagam → lǫg / lög; lag → lagu → lawe / laue → law

Roots *leg- and *legh-: possible but uncertain lēx comparison

Qualifies the possible deep reconnection.

law dossier ↗truth record ↗83UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
EDGE 462supportsestablished

ferre → *bher-

Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance

SOUND
Latin ferre continues the Indo-European *bher- carrying family through inherited Italic phonology and an irregular paradigm.
MEANING
The core carrying and bearing sense remains stable while Latin adds proposing, reporting, and enduring extensions.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
American Heritage Indo-European Roots · Latin lexicography
Root bher-1, Latin ferre

Lists Latin ferre as a descendant of the carry/bear root.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 463supportsboundary

*bher- → UNKNOWN

Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary

SOUND
No older form is promoted beyond the reviewed *bher- reconstruction.
MEANING
The carrying branch stops at its present comparative horizon.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
SET-U editorial boundary
Root bher-1

Supplies the present reviewed comparative horizon and warrants stopping beyond it.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 489supportsproposed

lēx → *legh-

Latin → Proto-Indo-European · competing inheritance

SOUND
A published alternative derives Latin lēx from a laid-down formation in *legh- rather than the gather root *leǵ-.
MEANING
What is set or laid down becomes a law; the comparison would reconnect law and legal only at a disputed prehistoric depth.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Calvert Watkins · American Heritage Dictionary editors
Roots *leg- and *legh-: possible but uncertain lēx comparison

Publishes the alternative while explicitly preventing an established grade.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

0
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

1
law

legal

English

semantic twin with distinct immediate Latin ancestry and possible disputed deep convergence

06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

1
semantic twins disputed deep convergencecontext

SAME SUBJECT, DIFFERENT WORD HISTORIES

Law reaches Old English lagu and Old Norse lög in the *legh- “lie, lay” family. Legal reaches Latin lēx, usually compared with *leǵ- “gather.” A published alternative allows lēx to come from *legh-, but explicitly calls that route uncertain.

law↔legal
Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Dictionary editors · proposed
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

3
law4 CLAIM LINKS↗legal1 CLAIM LINKS↗legislation1 CLAIM LINKS↗