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ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYut-gothic-hatis-derivation
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scholarly grammarut-gothic-hatis-derivation
Gothic Online, Lesson 8 — hatis and denominative hatizōn
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Todd B. Krause · Jonathan Slocum
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Linguistics Research Center · University of Texas at Austin
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- scholarly grammar
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 45GRADE Asupports
One Gothic anger verb survives in one question—and not in its dictionary form.
Project Wulfila’s complete current inventory contains one hatizōn token: hatizoþ in John 7:23, “are you angry at me?” Codex Argenteus folio 94v directly preserves the inflection. The manuscript never writes the normalized infinitive or its editorial macron. Grammar then reveals another layer: hatizōn is a class-II verb built from the consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis “hatred” or “wrath.” One English gloss therefore hides a noun-to-verb formation, one surviving grammatical person, and a sharp boundary between pixels and reconstruction.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hatis → hatizōn
Lesson 8, hatis → hatiz- → hatizōn derivation tableSupplies the noun-to-verb formation.
hatizōn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
026
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
How does hatizōn relate to Gothic hatjan and hatan?
The reviewed sources distinguish class-II hatizōn, class-I hatjan, and class-III hatan. Hatis clearly supports two denominatives, while the precise historical relationship among all three verb systems remains disputed.
Lesson 8, hatis and hatizōn derivationIdentifies the class-II denominative.
resolvedsupportsprobable
Does hatis underlie Gothic hatjan and hatizōn?
Historical grammar derives class-I hatjan from the consonantal stem of hatis, and the University of Texas derivational table builds class-II hatizōn “be angry” directly on hatiz-. The separate class-III hatan remains a wider paradigm and reconstruction problem rather than a proved direct daughter of this noun.
Lesson 8, second weak conjugation table: hatis, stem hatiz-, hatizōnPublishes the class-II denominative formation and meaning be angry.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was hatizōn formed from hatis?
Yes as the reviewed grammatical analysis. The University of Texas table explicitly gives hatis, stem hatiz-, and hatizōn; Wright independently classifies the verb as weak class II.
Lesson 8, hatis → hatiz- → hatizōnPublishes the explicit denominative formation.
resolvedcontextestablished
Does the manuscript write the macron in hatizōn?
No. Gothic spelling on the inspected folio writes hatizoþ without a macron. The macron in the scholarly citation form represents analyzed vowel length.
Lesson 8, macronized hatizōnProvides scholarly vowel-length notation.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Greek χολᾶτε an ancestor of Gothic hatizōn?
No. It is the Greek source-text form translated by the Gothic verb in John 7:23. Translation equivalence is contextual evidence, not lexical descent or borrowing.
Denominative derivation from hatisSupplies the actual lexical formation.
resolvedsupportsprobable
Is Old High German hazzōn the same formation as Gothic hatizōn?
No such identity is established. Gothic hatizōn is explicitly analyzed as a class-II denominative from hatis through the stem hatiz-, while Orel places Old High German hazzōn under the *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan alternatives. Similar normalized endings do not erase distinct immediate analyses.
Lesson 8, hatis → hatiz- → hatizōnExplicitly derives the Gothic class-II verb from the noun stem.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1237supportsestablished
hatizōn → hatis
Gothic → Gothic · derivation
- SOUND
- The consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis receives the class-II weak-verb formation represented by the citation form hatizōn and the written second-person plural hatizoþ. The long ō is an editorial phonological representation, not a separate manuscript letter.
- MEANING
- A noun for hatred, wrath, or anger supplies a verb whose one surviving context means be angry with or at someone. One token does not establish whether the verb ever carried the noun’s entire semantic range.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Todd B. Krause · Jonathan Slocum · Joseph Wright · Wilhelm Streitberg · Project Wulfila editors
Lesson 8, denominative table: hatis, stem hatiz-, hatizōn “be angry”Publishes the noun, consonantal stem, class-II verb, and semantic derivation in one table.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
055
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
hatizōn
Gothica related class-II denominative meaning be angry
hatizōn
Gothica related class-II denominative meaning be angry
hatizōn
Gothica class-II denominative verb built on hatiz- and glossed be angry
hatis
Gothicthe attested noun whose consonantal stem supplies the class-II verb
hatizōn
Gothica similar-looking class-II denominative built from hatis, not the same reviewed immediate formation
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2context
Gothic translation tradition
Supplies the grammatical derivation without dating its creation.
Lesson 8, denominative hatis → hatiz- → hatizōn table · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
085
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.