PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYmed-rede-reden-suffix
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
7 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionarymed-rede-reden-suffix
-rē̆de(n suffix — Middle English Dictionary
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Robert E. Lewis et al. · Frances McSparran et al.
- YEAR
- 2001
- PUBLISHER
- University of Michigan Library
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 23GRADE Acontext
The d in kindred is an intruder—and kind is not in the word.
Kindred is kin plus a fossilized native element meaning a condition or state. One branch reaches the birth root; the other reaches a fit-together root. The modern d arrived between n and r after the compound already existed.
*ǵenh₁-
*ǵenh₁- → *gn̥ə-yo- → *kunja- → cynn → cynræden / cynrēde → kinrede / kindrede → kindred
Definition 1 and kinrede exampleShows that -rē̆de(n was a wider condition-forming suffix, not the color word red.
kindred dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
021
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is the surviving -red element the color red?
No. It is the reduced relic of Old English -ræden, a condition or state-forming element. The wider pattern once made social and abstract nouns and survives principally in kindred and hatred.
Definition 1 and kinrede / hatred examplesDefines the native condition-forming suffix and its abstract and collective functions.
033
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1073contextestablished
kinrede / kindrede → cynræden / cynrēde
Middle English → Old English · inheritance
- SOUND
- Middle English kinrede continues late Old English cynræden / cynrēde through normal replacement of Old English c and y spellings, reduction of the second element, and loss of inherited inflection; the d-bearing variant is later.
- MEANING
- Old English kinship and kin-conditioned state develops the medieval family, lineage, blood-relations, nation, and collective-relatives field.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Middle English Dictionary Editors
-rē̆de(n etymology, forms, and kinrede exampleDocuments the medieval suffix inventory and kinrede as a continuation of late Old English cynrēde.
EDGE 1079contextestablished
cynræden / cynrēde → -ræden
Old English → Old English · compound component
- SOUND
- The second element of cyn-ræden is the suffixal or affixoid use of Old English ræden; this component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the suffix.
- MEANING
- A condition related to kin yields kinship and, through collective interpretation, family or related people.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Elizabeth Closs Traugott · Merriam-Webster Editors · Middle English Dictionary Editors
Definition 1 and kinrede exampleDocuments the wider medieval condition and collective suffix functions.
EDGE 1092supportsestablished
-rede / -reden → -ræden
Middle English → Old English · inheritance
- SOUND
- Middle English -rede / -reden reduces Old English -ræden, including loss and variation of the final weak syllable and regular orthographic simplification.
- MEANING
- The older condition, status, estimation, or rule element survives as a narrowing and increasingly fossilized condition-forming suffix.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Middle English Dictionary Editors · Elizabeth Closs Traugott · Merriam-Webster Editors
Etymology, forms, and definition 1Documents medieval suffix forms and Old English ancestry.
041
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
kindredSOURCE-REPORTED
kinrede / kindrede
Middle English Dictionary suffix record for kinrede
OPEN WITNESS 224 ↗050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4supports
Middle English records
Publishes the medieval suffix variants, functions, and kinrede example.
-rē̆de(n forms, etymology, and definition 1 · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.