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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYmit-historical-linguistics-rex

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scholarly referencemit-historical-linguistics-rex

Lecture 23: Historical Linguistics — Latin rēx, rēgis, and sound change

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Norvin W. Richards
YEAR
2022
PUBLISHER
MIT OpenCourseWare
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
scholarly reference
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
3CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
0COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
2DISPUTES
1JOURNEY STAGES
1WORD DOSSIERS
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CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

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RANK 19GRADE Asupports

The x of rēx is a whole nominative sound change in one letter.

Latin starts from the bound stem rēg-, adds nominative -s, devoices g to k, and writes the resulting /ks/ as x. Genitive rēgis makes the stem visible—but it is a sibling case form, not an ancestor.

*h₃reg̑-

*h₃reg̑- → *h₃reg- → *rēg- → rēg- → rēgis → rēx

Lecture slides 74–78; transcript, pp. 15–16

Publishes stem reg-, nominative -s, devoicing, x as /ks/, and the genitive and accusative forms.

rēx dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
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SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

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CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

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EDGE 1038supportsestablished

rēx → rēgis

Latin → Latin · inflection

SOUND
Nominative rēx and genitive rēgis belong to one paradigm: stem-final g before nominative -s devoices to k, and Latin writes the resulting /ks/ cluster as x; intervocalic g remains visible in rēgis.
MEANING
Both forms mean king in different grammatical cases; no semantic ancestry runs from one case form to the other.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Norvin W. Richards · Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short
Lecture slides 74–78; transcript, pp. 15–16

Derives nominative rēx from stem reg- plus -s, explains devoicing of g, and identifies x as the spelling of /ks/.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1039supportsestablished

rēgis → rēg-

Latin → Latin · inflection

SOUND
Removing the genitive singular ending -is from rēgis exposes the bound stem rēg-.
MEANING
The stem retains the king meaning across the inflectional paradigm.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Norvin W. Richards · Charlton T. Lewis · Charles Short
Lecture slides 75–77; transcript, p. 16

Prints reg-is and reg-em and explicitly identifies reg- as the stem used outside the nominative.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1040contextestablished

rēg- → *rēg-

Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance

SOUND
Latin rēg- reflects the reconstructed Indo-European lengthened king grade *rēg-.
MEANING
The ruler or king formation remains the lexical center while the attested Latin stem is separated from its reconstructed comparative parent.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Norvin W. Richards
Lecture slides 74–78

Supplies the internally visible Latin stem rēg- on the attested side of the comparison.

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LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

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COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

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No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
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GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

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NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

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WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

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rēx7 CLAIM LINKS↗

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