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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYdwds-dwb-hass

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CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

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historical dictionarydwds-dwb-hass

Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m.

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Jacob Grimm · Wilhelm Grimm · DWDS editorial team
YEAR
2026
PUBLISHER
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
historical dictionary
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
4CANONICAL EDGES
3WITNESSES
0COMPARISONS
1CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
7DISPUTES
2JOURNEY STAGES
2WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
RANK 58GRADE A-supports

Medieval Hass could be friendly competition.

Grimm’s DWB quotes Erec 2059: riders pursue a hawking contest, friuntlîchen striten, and share a bescheiden haʒ. The dictionary interprets this as rivalry in pursuing a goal. Modern Duden instead centers intense aversion and hostility. The contrast reveals a real historical side meaning without claiming that every medieval use was friendly or that Liebe and Hass share ancestry.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → haʒ → haʒ → Haß / hasz → Hass

hasz, m., sense 1; Erec 2059

Quotes friuntlîchen striten and bescheiden haʒ and explains the rivalry-in-pursuit sense.

Hass dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

7
resolvedsupportsestablished

Has Hass always meant only intense inner aversion?

No. Modern Duden centers intense aversion and hostility, but DWB reports Middle High German hostile action, anger expressed in deeds, pursuit, and measured rivalry beside the familiar disposition sense.

hasz, m., sections 1–2

Documents pursuit, hostile action, anger in action, rivalry, and hostile disposition.

Hass dossier ↗dispute record ↗
resolvedsupportsestablished

Could medieval haʒ describe friendly competition?

Yes in one cited Erec context. DWB quotes riders who friuntlîchen striten and calls their contest bescheiden haʒ, rivalry in pursuing a goal. This does not make every medieval use friendly.

hasz, m., sense 1; Erec 2059

Quotes friendly competition and interprets bescheiden haʒ as rivalry in pursuit of a goal.

Hass dossier ↗dispute record ↗
resolvedcontextestablished

Does modern Hass require a hostile action?

No. Duden defines a strong feeling of rejection or hostility; DWB says New High German ordinarily preserves hostile disposition. Action-centered uses matter historically without becoming a requirement for every modern token.

hasz, m., sense 2

Says New High German ordinarily preserves hostile disposition rather than hostile action.

Hass dossier ↗dispute record ↗
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

4
EDGE 1174supportsestablished

Haß / hasz → haʒ

German → Middle High German · historical continuation

SOUND
Middle High German haʒ continues through New High German hasz or Haß with capitalization of the noun and changing conventions for the final sibilant.
MEANING
The modern hostile-disposition center becomes dominant while the older action, pursuit, anger-in-action, and friendly-rivalry uses recede or disappear.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Dudenredaktion · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Jacob Grimm
hasz, m., sections 1–2

Documents Middle High German action, rivalry, and hostile-disposition uses beside the later New High German center.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1175supportsestablished

haʒ → haʒ

Middle High German → Old High German · historical continuation

SOUND
The reviewed dictionaries print the Old and Middle High German noun as haʒ; this edge preserves two attested language periods without inventing a sound change between identical normalized forms.
MEANING
DWB says hostile disposition is exclusively attested in Old High German, while Middle High German records also expose hostile action, anger enacted, and rivalry. That is a difference in the surviving record, not proof of one instantaneous innovation.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Dudenredaktion · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Jacob Grimm
hasz, m., historical-form paragraph and sections 1–2

Separates the surviving Old High German semantic center from the wider Middle High German record.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1176supportsprobable

haʒ → *hatiz-

Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Under the comparative analysis, Germanic t develops into the Old High German sibilant written ʒ through the High German consonant shift, while i-stem morphology and gender are remodeled in the High German branch.
MEANING
The inherited hate, anger, enmity, or hostility field continues as Old High German haʒ; competing sources disagree on whether pursuit, suffering, or hostile disposition best represents the earlier semantic center.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Wolfgang Pfeifer · Jacob Grimm · John T. Koch
hasz, m., opening comparative paragraph

Compares Gothic hatis, Old High German haʒ, Old Norse hatr, Old Saxon heti, and Old English hete.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1179contextboundary

*ḱeh₂d- → UNKNOWN

Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary

SOUND
No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
MEANING
The trail stops before one medieval rivalry, one modern feeling, or one scholarly pursuit-or-sorrow proposal is reverse-engineered into universal prehistory.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
SET-U editorial boundary · Anatoly Liberman · Jacob Grimm
hasz, m., opening claim of hostile pursuit beside later hostile disposition

Shows that even the historical German dictionary’s semantic account differs from Duden’s sorrow-and-resentment gloss.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

3
HassSOURCE-REPORTED

haʒ

Friendly hawking rivalry in Erec

OPEN WITNESS 368 ↗
HassSOURCE-REPORTED

haʒ

Hostile pursuit or action in Kudrun

OPEN WITNESS 369 ↗
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

0
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

1
attested semantic opposition distinct ancestrysupports

LOVE CAN TURN INTO HATE WITHOUT SHARING A ROOT

Duden’s example ihre Liebe schlug in Hass um and DWB’s repeated love-versus-hate contrasts make the German words semantic opposites inside attested usage. Their reviewed ancestries remain distinct: Liebe follows the *leubīn branch of the desire-and-care family, while Hass follows the Germanic *hatiz- family. This is an attested opposition, not a lexical parent edge.

Hass↔Liebe
Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm · Rosemarie Lühr · established
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

2
Hass18 CLAIM LINKS↗Liebe1 CLAIM LINKS↗

4 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.