PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
No borrowing is established. German Hass continues Old High German haʒ; English hate continues an Old English noun-and-verb history. The branches meet at reconstructed Germanic material.
/has/ · German masculine noun
The modern German noun for intense aversion, rejection, or hostility toward a person, group, or institution. Duden traces Middle and Old High German haʒ to suffering, sorrow, and resentment and records the 1996 spelling change from Haß to Hass. DWDS/Pfeifer reports the Old High German noun from the eighth century and places it in the Germanic family of Old Saxon heti, Old English hete, Old Norse hatr, Gothic hatis, and related forms. Grimm’s DWB preserves a more complicated semantic record: hostile pursuit or action, anger expressed in deeds, ordinary hostile disposition, and even measured rivalry during friendly competition. The reviewed route reuses *hatiz- and the qualified *ḱh₂d-es- / *ḱeh₂d- comparison, then stops.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Shows collateral inheritance rather than borrowing.
Pfeifer etymology: German, Old English, English, Dutch, Norse, Swedish, and Gothic formsIndependently lists the cross-Germanic cognate set.
hasz, m., opening comparative paragraphThe canonical graph joins the words at shared reconstruction and draws no English-to-German arrow.