Under the comparative analysis, Germanic t develops into the Old High German sibilant written ʒ through the High German consonant shift, while i-stem morphology and gender are remodeled in the High German branch.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1176inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
haʒ
hostile disposition, resentment, enmity, suffering, or sorrow
OPEN NODE 1193 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem*hatiz-
hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
OPEN NODE 1094 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The inherited hate, anger, enmity, or hostility field continues as Old High German haʒ; competing sources disagree on whether pursuit, suffering, or hostile disposition best represents the earlier semantic center.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the eighth-century Old High German record.
Wolfgang Pfeifer · Jacob Grimm · John T. Koch
probable — The Old High German form and cross-Germanic set are attested; the Proto-Germanic form, exact stem alternation, and semantic center are reconstructed.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known useNoun etymology: Germanic *hatiz- and branch forms
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently supplies the i-stem analysis already used by the connected English dossiers.
Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-p. 101, Proto-Germanic *hataz ~ *hatiz- and Old High German haz
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the reconstructed stem alternation and High German descendant.
DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang PfeiferPfeifer etymology: cross-Germanic old es/os stem
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Places Old High German haʒ beside Old Saxon, Dutch, English, Norse, Swedish, and Gothic forms.
Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm — hasz, m.hasz, m., opening comparative paragraph
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Compares Gothic hatis, Old High German haʒ, Old Norse hatr, Old Saxon heti, and Old English hete.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE