PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYawb-fien
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
39 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionaryawb-fien
Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch — fîên
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch editorial team
- YEAR
- Not recorded
- PUBLISHER
- Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
012
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 38GRADE Asupports
Old High German fīant was already a noun—but in fixed phrases its old participial character could still shine through.
AWB calls fîant / fîjant a strong masculine noun, then isolates fixed formulas where its old participial character can still shine through. Fîant uuesan could mean be hostile, hate someone, or wish someone ill; fîant mahhôn meant make hostile; zi fîante tuon could mean regard as an enemy or hate. Beside it, AWB records the live weak verb fîên, to hate, in eighth- and ninth-century Alemannic manuscripts. The word is therefore more revealing than a simple literal gloss: it is a lexicalized noun whose older verbal architecture remained locally visible in syntax.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → *fi(j)and- → fīant
Vol. 3, cols. 801–802: live fîên hate verb and Alemannic manuscript horizonShows the related verb remained attested beside the lexicalized noun in Old High German.
fīant dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 41GRADE Asupports
The enemy fossil and the living hate verb coexisted in Old High German.
AWB records fîên as a weak verb only in eighth- and ninth-century Alemannic manuscripts, but the pocket preserves an infinitive, present participle, preterite, and past participle across hate, hostility, detestation, and rejection. Beside it, fîant was already a strong masculine enemy noun whose old participial character could still shine through in fixed phrases. Old High German therefore preserves both sides of the history at once: the live verbal family and the noun already lexicalized from it. The evidence reveals a grammatical relationship, not the psychology of every enemy and not a securely recovered Proto-Indo-European essence.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → fīēn
Headword grammar, Alemannic manuscript horizon, paradigm, and meanings 1–2Directly supports the living-verb claim and its bounded evidence pocket.
fīēn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
0213
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsestablished
What is the exact earliest surviving fīēn token?
Not established here. AWB supplies a bounded manuscript horizon and edition locators but no single inspected first object or exact year.
Headword manuscript horizon and six edition locatorsProvides a range and locators without one inspected first object.
opensupportsestablished
Is the separate twelfth-century fien [sic] ubere record this hate verb?
Unknown, and it is not merged here. AWB places it in a separate article and says it is not interpreted.
Adjacent separate article: fien [sic] ubere, not interpretedPreserves the isolated homograph as an unresolved boundary.
opencontextprobable
Can the exact Proto-Germanic pronunciation and path into fīēn be recovered?
Not completely. Optional j, vowel quantity, stem remodeling, and daughter inflection belong to comparative analysis rather than a recorded transition.
Old High German paradigm inventorySupplies the attested daughter outcomes without a recorded transition.
opensupportsestablished
Does the end of the ninth-century record prove the verb died in 900?
No. The dictionary bounds surviving evidence; it does not identify one extinction event, last speaker, or exact loss date.
Attested only in eighth- and ninth-century Alemannic manuscriptsBounds evidence without proving a loss event in 900.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was Old High German fīēn a verb?
Yes. AWB classifies fîên as a weak verb and supplies infinitive, present-participle, preterite, and past-participle forms.
Headword fîên, sw. v.; paradigm inventoryClassifies the word and displays four grammatical form categories.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was the verb recorded throughout the Old High German world?
Not on the reviewed evidence. AWB says it is attested only in Alemannic manuscripts of the eighth and ninth centuries.
Only in Alemannic manuscripts of the eighth and ninth centuriesDirectly supplies the bounded attestation horizon.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Were the underlying manuscript objects directly inspected?
No. This review inspected the official dictionary article, not the manuscripts behind its gloss and rule-text references.
Dictionary citation inventoryProvides edition locators without manuscript-object inspection.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Do fien, fiendi, fietos, and fieta represent four unrelated words?
No. AWB inventories them inside one weak-verb paradigm as infinitive, present participle, second-person singular preterite, and past participle.
Form inventory: fi-en, fiendi, fietos, fietaGroups the surface records under one weak verb.
resolvedsupportsprobable
Is fiendi simply the same lexical item as the noun fīant?
Not in the reviewed grammar. AWB analyzes fiendi as the present participle of fîên, while fîant / fîjant is a separate strong masculine noun; one gloss alignment remains textually ambiguous.
Present-participle note at Gl 1,120,10 and comparison with fîantClassifies fiendi while preserving the textual alignment ambiguity.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Did fīēn have one perfectly identical meaning in every record?
No. AWB separates hate, not love, or be hostile from abhor or reject, and the Latin alignments vary among odire, exosus, and detestari.
Meanings 1–2 and bilingual recordsDocuments the semantic and translation range.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Latin odire or detestari reveal the exact Old High German nuance by itself?
No. A bilingual alignment is evidence, but translation and gloss practice do not erase contextual or grammatical differences.
odire, exosus, exosos, and detestari alignmentsShows why no one Latin gloss should erase record-level context.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does not love mean that fīēn was merely mild dislike?
Not necessarily. AWB groups not love with hate and be hostile, while other records align the verb with odire and detestari.
Meaning 1: hate someone or something, not love, be hostilePublishes the source’s own semantic grouping.
resolvedsupportsprobable
Was fīēn borrowed from Gothic fijan, Old English feon, Middle Low German vîen, or Old Norse fjá?
No daughter-to-daughter borrowing is established. AWB compares the forms, and Kroonen places them under a reconstructed Germanic verb.
Comparative header: vîen, feon, fjá, fijanPublishes the collateral daughter set.
032
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1147supportsprobable
*fi(j)and- → *fi(j)ēn-
Proto-Germanic → Proto-Germanic · lexicalized participle
- SOUND
- The present-participial nd-formation is built on the fi(j)- verb stem.
- MEANING
- One who hates lexicalizes as enemy before Gothic, while productive participial use survives beside the noun.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Daniel Ayora Estevan · Guus Kroonen
Vol. 3, cols. 801–802: fîên, weak verb, meanings hate and abhorDocuments the live collateral Old High German hate verb and its limited Alemannic record.
EDGE 1216supportsprobable
fīēn → *fi(j)ēn-
Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old High German fīēn continues the reconstructed Germanic fi(j)- weak verb after High German branch development in its vowel, optional glide, ending, and inflectional system. The attested forms are not treated as one mechanically complete sound law.
- MEANING
- The hate or hostility verb remains visible in records meaning hate, not love, be hostile, detest, or reject; individual Latin alignments do not force one identical nuance onto every occurrence.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch editorial team · Guus Kroonen
Vol. 3, cols. 801–802: fîên, weak verb, paradigm, manuscript horizon, and meanings 1–2Classifies the attested Old High German verb, bounds its manuscript record, and publishes its form and meaning inventory.
046
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Rule text, preterite form
OPEN WITNESS 434 ↗fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Rule text, infinitive with one’s own will
OPEN WITNESS 435 ↗fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Rule text, infinitive with no person
OPEN WITNESS 436 ↗fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Gloss record, present participle
OPEN WITNESS 437 ↗fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Passio Bartholomaei gloss, past participle
OPEN WITNESS 438 ↗fīēnSOURCE-REPORTED
fīēn
Esther 14:15 gloss, infinitive
OPEN WITNESS 439 ↗0512
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
fīēn
Old High Germana collateral West Germanic hate verb with a source-reported mini-paradigm
fîên
Old High Germanthe attested weak hate verb whose live paradigm makes the noun's historical verbal base locally visible
fīēnti
Old High Germana source-reported present participle of fîên, distinct from the lexicalized enemy noun
fien
Old High Germanthe source spelling of the infinitive
fiendi
Old High Germanthe source-reported present participle
fietos
Old High Germanthe source-reported second-person singular preterite
fieta
Old High Germanthe source-reported accusative plural masculine past participle
fîadôn
Old High Germana probably related derivative verb named by AWB
vîen
Middle Low Germana collateral Germanic verb compared by AWB
feon
Old Englisha collateral Germanic verb compared by AWB
fjá
Old Norsea collateral North Germanic hate verb compared by AWB
fijan
Gothica collateral East Germanic hate verb compared by AWB
064
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 5context
Old High German formulaic record
Shows that the related hate verb was attested beside the lexicalized noun in Old High German.
Vol. 3, cols. 801–802, live fîên verb · broadstage 3supports
Alemannic manuscript world
Supplies the bounded regional and century-level record.
Headword note: only in Alemannic manuscripts of the eighth and ninth centuries · broadstage 4supports
Alemannic manuscript world
Documents the form inventory inside the bounded record.
Paradigm and records at Gl 1,120,10; Gl 1,493,51; Gl 2,742,31; S 199,19; S 205,30; S 206,3 · broadstage 5supports
Old High German lexical boundary
Supports an evidence boundary without proving an exact extinction date.
Headword record limited to eighth- and ninth-century Alemannic manuscripts · uncertain070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
083
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
2 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.