PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYwulfila-matthew-5-44-hatjandam
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
5 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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research databasewulfila-matthew-5-44-hatjandam
Gothic Bible word analysis — Matthew 5:44, hatjandam
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- research database
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 29GRADE Asupports
One Gothic hate verb survives once—in a command to do good to those who hate you.
Project Wulfila’s only verified hatjan token is hatjandam in Matthew 5:44, directly visible on Codex Argenteus folio 3v. A parallel “love your enemies” command in Luke 6:27 instead uses hatandans from class-III hatan. The translation gloss “hate” therefore hides a genuine grammatical and historical dispute.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatjanan → hatjan
Matthew 5:44, hatjandam and morphologyLocates and analyzes the surviving class-I token.
hatjan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
022
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Did Gothic hatjan mean pursue because German hetzen later did?
Not in the surviving Gothic clause. Matthew 5:44 uses hatjandam for people who hate; Middle High German hetzen develops pursuit and hounding senses in a daughter branch. The formal comparison does not make every branch share every meaning.
Matthew 5:44, hatjandam in the hate clauseAnchors the Gothic branch meaning in its surviving context.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is the infinitive hatjan itself written in the surviving manuscript?
No. The directly inspected form is hatjandam, a weak masculine dative-plural present participle. Hatjan is the normalized lexical citation form assigned by Project Wulfila and the historical grammars.
Matthew 5:44, morphology of hatjandamIdentifies the token as a present participle rather than an infinitive.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1127supportsprobable
hatjan → *xatjanan
Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- The class-I -j- morphology visible in hatjandam supports the normalized infinitive hatjan and corresponds to the reconstructed *-jan- formation; Gothic h continues the Germanic fricative written x in Orel’s notation.
- MEANING
- The surviving Gothic clause means hate. The pursuit sense of Middle High German hetzen is a daughter-branch development and is not projected back as the only Gothic meaning.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Wilhelm Braune · Project Wulfila editors
Matthew 5:44, token hatjandamAnalyzes the written participle as weak masculine dative plural under hatjan.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2supports
Fourth-century Gothic translation tradition
Locates the lexical choice in the surviving Gospel text.
Matthew 5:44, token hatjandam · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.