PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYetymonline-arithmetic
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
11 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionaryetymonline-arithmetic
Arithmetic — Origin and history
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Douglas Harper
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Online Etymology Dictionary
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
010
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No ranked contrarian reveal currently cites this source.
022
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Does the English record begin in the 13th or 15th century?
The reviewed source reports differ. Etymonline gives mid-thirteenth-century arsmetike; Merriam-Webster gives a fifteenth-century first-known-use horizon.
Headword history: mid-13c. arsmetikePublishes the earlier English horizon.
openchallengesproposed
Is the deepest counting root *h₂rei- or *erei-dhmo- from *re-?
The references use different levels and notations: Merriam-Webster derives the Greek base through *h₂rei-, while Etymonline prints an expanded *erei-dhmo- formation tied to *re-.
Headword history: *erei-dhmo- from *re-Publishes the competing formation and notation.
035
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 470supportsestablished
arithmetic → arsmetike / arsmetrik
Present-Day English → Middle English · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Middle English arsmetike / arsmetrik is respelled arithmetic under renewed alignment with Latin and Greek.
- MEANING
- The counting art remains arithmetic while its domain broadens within modern mathematics.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors
Headword history: mid-13th-century arsmetike; spelling corrected in early 16th centuryDocuments an earlier reported horizon and the classical respelling.
EDGE 471supportsestablished
arsmetike / arsmetrik → arsmetique / arismatike
Middle English → Old French · borrowing
- SOUND
- Middle English adapts Old French and Anglo-French forms; a folk association with ars metrica contributes the extra r in some spellings.
- MEANING
- The practical and learned counting discipline remains central.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline · MacTutor editors
Headword history: Old French arsmetique and ars metrica folk analysisDocuments both the borrowing and medieval extra-r analysis.
EDGE 472supportsestablished
arsmetique / arismatike → arithmetica
Old French → Latin · borrowing
- SOUND
- French arsmetique / arismatike continues Latin arithmetica through regular learned transmission and medieval respelling.
- MEANING
- Arithmetic remains the counting discipline.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors
Headword history: Old French arsmetique from Latin arithmeticaIndependently documents the route.
EDGE 474supportsestablished
ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) → ἀριθμός
Ancient Greek → Ancient Greek · derivation
- SOUND
- Greek arithmētikē is built in the arithmos “number” family.
- MEANING
- Number or counting supplies the name of the counting art.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline · MacTutor editors
Headword history: arithmetikē from arithmosIndependently documents the number-word base.
EDGE 475challengesproposed
ἀριθμός → *h₂rei-
Ancient Greek → Proto-Indo-European · proposed inheritance
- SOUND
- Greek arithmos is analyzed through a counting base represented by Merriam-Webster as PIE *h₂rei-; Etymonline publishes an expanded *erei-dhmo- formation.
- MEANING
- The inherited counting sense remains, while the precise prehistoric formation is reconstructed.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · Etymonline editors
Headword history: *erei-dhmo- from root *re-Publishes a materially different reconstruction and formation representation.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
051
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
arithmancy
Englishlearned Greek arithmos derivative
063
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2supports
Latin and medieval French scholarship
Documents the medieval transmission horizons.
Headword history: Old French 12th century and mid-13th-century English · broadstage 3supports
Medieval England
Supports the approximate 1250 horizon.
Headword history: mid-13c. arsmetike · regionalstage 4supports
Global mathematics
Documents the earlier English horizon and later classical respelling.
Headword history and spelling correction · global070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
5 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.