PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYperseus-atlas-lsj-kedos
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
29 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionaryperseus-atlas-lsj-kedos
Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek-English Lexicon — κῆδος
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Henry George Liddell · Robert Scott · Henry Stuart Jones · Scaife ATLAS editors
- YEAR
- 1940
- PUBLISHER
- Tufts University · Scaife ATLAS
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 51GRADE Asupports
Care, grief, funerals, and in-laws occupy one Greek noun—but hate does not secretly mean care.
LSJ's κῆδος entry moves through care and concern, anxiety and grief, troubles, mourning and funeral rites, an object of care, and connection by marriage. Homeric κήδεʼ can be many-troubled woes; Aeschylus can make Helen an object of care while playing on marriage affinity. Comparative sources then place the noun beside Celtic and Germanic hatred words under *ḱh₂d-es- and *ḱeh₂d-. The reveal is not a mystical reversal in which hate “really” means care. Merriam-Webster calls the semantic relations far from transparent, Liberman challenges the wider family's unity, and the Greek evidence itself resists a single linear story.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → κῆδος
Complete κῆδος entry, senses, and citationsSupplies the Greek semantic network, dialect variant, tragic wordplay, and marriage sense.
κῆδος dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
0214
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Is the marriage sense simply the original meaning of every Homeric token?
No. LSJ says some marriage-based explanations of Iliad 13.464 and related passages are wrong and directs those uses back to anxiety or grief.
Sense II note: some wrongly explain Iliad 13.464 and related passagesPreserves the lexicographic correction.
opensupportsproposed
Is κῆδος derived from κήδω, or is the verb derived from the noun?
LSJ parenthetically links κῆδος with κήδω, whose active and middle-passive senses span distress and care, but the located entry does not fully argue one diachronic direction.
Intro text: κῆδος … (κήδω)Publishes the noun-verb relationship without a full directional argument.
opensupportsestablished
Can care, grief, mourning, affinity, and hate be ordered as one proven semantic chain?
No. The Greek senses are attested, but their internal chronology and the cross-branch prehistoric sequence are not recoverable as one linear ladder.
Complete Greek sense and citation inventoryDocuments semantic plurality but not a single ordered chain.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is κῆδος an attested Ancient Greek noun?
Yes. LSJ supplies a full neuter-noun entry, Doric κᾶδος, and citations from Homer onward; Scaife independently exposes the Iliad 1.445 line.
Headword κῆδος, Doric κᾶδος, and complete citationsPublishes the attested noun and its textual record.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does κῆδος have one simple English definition?
No. LSJ separates care or concern, anxiety and grief, troubles, funeral rites and mourning, an object of care, and connection by marriage.
Numbered senses I.1–3 and IISeparates the semantic zones.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Did κῆδος itself mean Germanic-style hate?
Not in the reviewed Greek lexical record. Its central cited meanings concern care, grief, trouble, mourning, funeral obligation, and affinity.
Care, anxiety, grief, mourning, object-of-care, and affinity sensesDefines the Greek lexical record without a hate headword sense.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Could κῆδος mean connection by marriage?
Yes. LSJ cites Herodotus, Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles, Philo, and Thucydides for affinity or contracting marriage.
Sense II and its cited authorsDocuments connection by marriage.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Could κῆδος name funeral rites or mourning?
Yes. LSJ supplies a dedicated sub-sense with Homeric, lyric, tragic, historical, oratorical, philosophical, and inscriptional evidence.
Sense I.2b, funeral rites and mourningSupplies the full funerary citation set.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Aeschylus play on more than one κῆδος sense?
Yes according to LSJ: Helen is an object of care in Agamemnon 699 with a play on the marriage-connection sense.
Sense I.3, Agamemnon 699, play on sense IIStates the object-of-care and marriage wordplay.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Are κῆδος and kêdos separate Ancient Greek lexemes?
No. Merriam-Webster uses the Latin-script transliteration kêdos for the same Greek noun that LSJ indexes as κῆδος.
Headword κῆδος and key kh=dosPublishes the Greek-script headword and its encoded dictionary key.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Doric κᾶδος a different etymological word?
No separate lexeme is established. LSJ prints it as the Doric form of κῆδος and cites it in Pindar.
Intro text: Doric κᾶδος; Pythian 4.112Treats κᾶδος as the dialect variant.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the Ionic-Attic η beside Doric ā prove the whole Indo-European route?
No. The dialectal vowel pattern supports Greek-internal history, but it does not by itself establish the proposed root, suffix, or non-Greek cognates.
κῆδος and Doric κᾶδοςSupplies the Greek dialectal vowel evidence.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is /kɛ̂ː.dos/ recorded ancient pronunciation?
No. It is a normalized scholarly approximation based on the written form and historical phonology, not audio from an Ancient Greek speaker.
Written headword, dialect form, and morphologyProvides written-language evidence only.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Can κῆδος be pinned to one exact birthplace?
No. The word spans dialects, genres, authors, and a long manuscript tradition. No reviewed evidence identifies one innovation point.
Citations across Homer, lyric, tragedy, history, philosophy, and inscriptionsShows a distributed textual tradition.
033
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1268contextproposed
κῆδος → *ḱh₂d-es-
Ancient Greek → Proto-Indo-European · proposed inheritance
- SOUND
- Under the proposed comparison, the palatal stop is represented by Greek k, while the long-vowel pattern appears as Ionic-Attic η beside Doric ā in κᾶδος. The exact Proto-Hellenic sequence and every laryngeal or suffixal step are reconstructed rather than attested.
- MEANING
- The Greek care, anxiety, grief, mourning, and funeral field is compared with a wider formation that also contains hostility and hatred words. The edge does not make every branch sense descend from one recoverable emotional scene.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · John T. Koch · Linguistics Research Center editors
Headword, Doric κᾶδος, senses, and citationsSupplies the attested Greek form, dialect variant, and full semantic range independently of the deep comparison.
EDGE 1271supportsestablished
kêdos → κῆδος
Ancient Greek → Ancient Greek · editorial transliteration
- SOUND
- Latin-script kêdos represents Greek κῆδος through a modern scholarly transliteration convention; no historical sound event or borrowing is claimed.
- MEANING
- The complete Greek semantic range is unchanged because the Latin letters encode the same lexeme rather than a new sense.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · Scaife ATLAS editors
Headword κῆδος and dictionary key kh=dosPublishes the Greek-script headword and an explicit encoded key.
EDGE 1272supportsestablished
κᾶδος → κῆδος
Ancient Greek → Ancient Greek · dialectal variant
- SOUND
- Doric long ā corresponds to the η of the Ionic-Attic headword representation; LSJ prints the forms together rather than as separate lexemes.
- MEANING
- Care, grief, mourning, and related senses remain within one lexical family across the dialectal spelling and vowel difference.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Liddell · Scott · Jones
Intro text: Doric κᾶδος; Pythian 4.112Labels and cites the Doric variant.
045
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
κῆδοςSOURCE-REPORTED
κῆδος
Iliad, lament and grievous funeral rites
OPEN WITNESS 503 ↗κῆδοςSOURCE-REPORTED
κῆδος
Odyssey, care or concern for others
OPEN WITNESS 504 ↗κῆδοςSOURCE-REPORTED
κῆδος
Aeschylus, Helen as object of care with a marriage-sense play
OPEN WITNESS 505 ↗κῆδοςSOURCE-REPORTED
κῆδος
Thucydides, contracting a daughter's marriage
OPEN WITNESS 506 ↗κῆδοςSOURCE-REPORTED
κῆδος
Pindar, Doric singular variant in a death context
OPEN WITNESS 507 ↗050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
066
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2supports
Prehistoric Greek linguistic horizon
Publishes the Greek dialect pair.
Headword κῆδος and Doric κᾶδος · uncertainstage 3supports
Homeric troubles and concern record
Supplies the epic semantic inventory and locators.
Care, anxiety, grief, and troubles senses with Homeric citations · broadstage 4supports
Homeric mourning and funeral record
Supplies the mourning branch and exact excerpt.
Funeral rites and mourning sense with Iliad 5.156 · broadstage 5supports
Classical tragic wordplay
Explicitly identifies the tragic wordplay.
Object-of-care sense; Agamemnon 699; play on sense II · broadstage 6supports
Classical marriage-connection record
Supplies the affinity sense and located phrase.
Connection-by-marriage sense and Thucydides 2.29 · broadstage 7supports
Ancient Greek textual continuum
Documents the noun across epic, lyric, tragedy, historiography, philosophy, and prose.
Complete sense and citation inventory · global070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.