Under the proposed comparison, the palatal stop is represented by Greek k, while the long-vowel pattern appears as Ionic-Attic η beside Doric ā in κᾶδος. The exact Proto-Hellenic sequence and every laryngeal or suffixal step are reconstructed rather than attested.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1268proposed inheritanceproposed
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
κῆδος
care, concern, anxiety, grief, trouble, mourning, funeral rites, object of care, or connection by marriage
OPEN NODE 1303 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Indo-European · proposed Proto-Indo-European formation · grief pain hatred formation*ḱh₂d-es-
a proposed formation connecting grief, pain, care, mourning, and hatred words
OPEN NODE 1095 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The Greek care, anxiety, grief, mourning, and funeral field is compared with a wider formation that also contains hostility and hatred words. The edge does not make every branch sense descend from one recoverable emotional scene.
Proposed Indo-European formation into the attested Greek record.
Merriam-Webster Editors · John T. Koch · Linguistics Research Center editors
proposed — The formal comparison is published across multiple sources, but Merriam-Webster calls the semantic relations far from transparent and Liberman challenges the wider family's unity.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known useNoun etymology: Greek kêdos beside the proposed *ḱh₂d-es- formation
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the Greek comparison while calling the semantic relations far from transparent.
The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedDiscussion of Greek and Celtic comparison candidates
challengesAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Warns that the proposed non-Germanic forms do not automatically establish one semantic family.
Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-p. 101, wider Celto-Germanic HATRED comparison including Greek κῆδος
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Provides a broader affirmative comparative analysis.
Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexesGreek κῆδος row under k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s-
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Places the exact Greek noun in the published reflex table with care, grief, and sorrow glosses.
Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek-English Lexicon — κῆδοςHeadword, Doric κᾶδος, senses, and citations
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the attested Greek form, dialect variant, and full semantic range independently of the deep comparison.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE