PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYmw-hatred
SOURCE
RECORD.
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12 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionarymw-hatred
Hatred — definition, etymology, and first known use
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Merriam-Webster
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 24GRADE Asupports
Hatred is medieval—and its -red means neither red nor “more.”
Middle English assembled hate with a dying native element for a state or condition. The compound is younger than its parts; below the secure Germanic hate family, even the celebrated PIE root remains a qualified and semantically difficult proposal.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hete → hate → hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn → hatred
Etymology and First Known UseEstablishes Middle English composition, suffix function, and medieval horizon.
hatred dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
024
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is hatred the older or more original word?
No. Hate is inherited from Old English noun and verb material; hatred is a Middle English formation first reported in the 13th century. Its suffix names a condition rather than linguistic originality.
Hatred etymology and 13th-century first known useDocuments the younger Middle English formation.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is the -red in hatred the color red?
No. Middle English -rede / -reden continues Old English -ræden, a suffixal or affixoid element denoting state, condition, or quality.
Etymology: -rede, state or quality, from Old English -rædenDirectly identifies the non-color suffix.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was hatred already a whole word in Old English?
No reviewed source gives an Old English whole-word ancestor. The word is documented as a Middle English formation from hate plus -rede, with a 13th-century first-known-use horizon.
Etymology and First Known UseIdentifies Middle English formation and the 13th-century horizon.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does -red historically make hate more intense?
No evidence reviewed identifies -red as an intensifier. It named a state or condition. Modern hatred can denote extreme animosity, but that lexical intensity is not the historical function of the suffix.
Etymology: suffix denoting state or qualityDefines the historical function without intensity.
033
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1084supportsestablished
hatred → hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn
Present-Day English → Middle English · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
- MEANING
- The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman
Word History: Middle English hatrede and 13th-century first known useDocuments the whole-word continuation and medieval horizon.
EDGE 1085supportsestablished
hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn → hate
Middle English → Middle English · compound component
- SOUND
- The first element of Middle English hate-rede is hate. This component edge is morphological analysis, not a claim that the whole compound changed into the bare noun.
- MEANING
- Hate supplies the emotion or hostility whose condition the compound names.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Etymology: hate plus -redeDirectly segments the first component.
EDGE 1091supportsestablished
hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn → -rede / -reden
Middle English → Middle English · compound component
- SOUND
- The second element of hate-rede is Middle English -rede / -reden; this is morphological decomposition, not whole-word sound change.
- MEANING
- The condition or state suffix turns hate into the state or condition of hate.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Elizabeth Closs Traugott
Etymology: hate plus -redeDirectly segments the second component and defines it as state or quality.
041
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
hatredSOURCE-REPORTED
hatred
Merriam-Webster first-known-use record for hatred
OPEN WITNESS 225 ↗052
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4supports
Middle English records
Documents Middle English composition and the 13th-century horizon.
Hatred etymology and first known use · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
083
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
2 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.