PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYstarling-germanic-hat-family
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
16 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
comparative databasestarling-germanic-hat-family
Proto-Germanic *xatiz, *xatōn-, -ēn- and *xatjan-
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- StarLing database editors
- YEAR
- Not recorded
- PUBLISHER
- StarLing
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- comparative database
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 46GRADE Asupports
Old High German hazzōn is a paradigm fault line, not proof that hate originally meant pursue.
The clean dictionary headword conceals paired ēn and ōn forms: Starling reports hazzēn in the eighth century and hazzōn in the ninth, Duden prints haʒʒēn and haʒʒōn, and the UT reflex index also records hazēn and hazōn. Corpus-wide research confirms that Old High German ēn verbs can show ōn double forms. DWB reports aemulari and insequi alignments that support emulation, following, or hostile pursuit—but Pokorny’s comparative warning is exact: Germanic evidence does not prove that pursue was the root’s basic meaning. The normalized form, the source-reported tokens, the paradigm analysis, and the prehistoric semantic claim are four different evidence layers.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn → hazzōn
Old High German hazzēn (8th century), hazzōn (9th century), and Pokorny pursuit discussionSupplies both the chronological contrast and the explicit warning against recovering pursue as the root’s basic meaning.
hazzōn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
026
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
openchallengesproposed
Is hatia specifically East Old Frisian, West Old Frisian, or both?
The reviewed sources do not flatten the dialect evidence. Popkema marks hetia as West Lauwers, Corpus Oudfries places relevant records in West Old Frisian texts, while StarLing labels hatia East Frisian.
Comparative row labels hatia East FrisianSupplies a materially different dialect assignment.
openchallengesproposed
Was pursue the securely recovered basic meaning of the root?
No consensus is established. DWB calls hostile pursuit or persecution original inside the German history, while Pokorny’s account explicitly says the Germanic facts do not establish pursue as the root’s basic meaning.
Pokorny discussion: Germanic evidence and the proposed pursue baseExplicitly says Germanic evidence does not establish pursue as the root’s basic meaning.
opencontextprobable
Is hazzōn straightforwardly one class-II verb?
The ōn citation form has class-II morphology, but the historical record also preserves ēn forms associated with class III. Corpus-wide scholarship treats such double forms as a real Old High German problem rather than a typographic nuisance.
Old High German hazzēn and hazzōnShows both morphological citation forms for this lexeme in one comparative record.
opencontextprobable
Is the Proto-Germanic parent exactly *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan?
The comparative verb family is secure, but its notation and subclass are not singular. Orel prints *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan, while Starling prints *xatōn-, -ēn- beside other related formations.
Proto-Germanic *xatōn-, -ēn- verbPublishes a second representation of the comparative set.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Did Old High German preserve only the ōn form?
No. Duden prints haʒʒēn and haʒʒōn, Starling prints hazzēn and hazzōn, and the UT index adds hazēn and hazōn spellings.
Old High German hazzēn and hazzōnIndependently prints both forms with century labels.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the ninth-century label prove the first use of hazzōn?
No. It is the century attached to the form in one comparative database, not a demonstrated search of every earlier manuscript, gloss, and edition.
Old High German hazzōn (9th century)Provides only the bounded century-level database record.
033
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1187supportsprobable
haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old High German haʒʒōn belongs to the comparative weak-verb set Orel reconstructs as *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan; the High German branch reflects the consonant-shifted Germanic t in the doubled sibilant spelling.
- MEANING
- The inherited Germanic hate field continues in the Old High German verb, but pursuit, hostile action, and hostile disposition remain competing candidates for the earlier semantic center.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm
Proto-Germanic *xatōn-, -ēn- beside Old High German hazzēn and hazzōnPublishes both the reconstructed alternatives and the branch forms.
EDGE 1242supportsprobable
hazzōn → haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn
Old High German → Old High German · paradigm variant
- SOUND
- The quantity-normalized citation form hazzōn selects the ōn member of a source set also printed as hazōn and haʒʒōn; hazzēn, hazēn, and haʒʒēn represent the neighboring ēn member. This edge is paradigm navigation, not a claim that one written form changed directly into the combined display.
- MEANING
- The variants occupy the same reviewed hate, emulation, following, and hostile-pursuit field. The edge does not assign every gloss to every token or prove that the ēn and ōn records were interchangeable in every dialect.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion · Jacob Grimm · Starling editors · University of Texas Linguistics Research Center · Mirjam Marti Heinzle
Old High German: hazzēn (8th century) and hazzōn (9th century)Separates the source-reported century labels for the ēn and ōn citation forms.
EDGE 1247contextboundary
*ḱeh₂d- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the already disputed *ḱeh₂d- comparison.
- MEANING
- The trail stops before pursuit, persecution, feeling, grief, pain, care, or hatred is reverse-engineered into one universal prehistoric act.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- SET-U editorial boundary · Anatoly Liberman · Jacob Grimm
Pokorny discussion: Germanic evidence does not establish pursue as the root’s basic meaningShows that even the strongest branch-level action account does not recover one prehistoric semantic origin.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
052
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
064
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2context
Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon
Provides an independent multi-formation Germanic reconstruction.
Proto-Germanic *xatiz, *xatōn-, -ēn-, *xatjan- · uncertainstage 4supports
Old High German textual world
Supplies the source-reported century label for the ēn citation form.
Old High German hazzēn (8th century) · broadstage 5supports
Old High German textual world
Supplies the source-reported century label for the ōn citation form.
Old High German hazzōn (9th century) · broadstage 8context
Knowledge boundary
Explicitly refuses to derive the root’s basic meaning from Germanic pursuit evidence alone.
Pokorny discussion of the pursuit hypothesis · uncertain070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
082
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
3 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.