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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYfulk-2018-hatis

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CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

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historical grammarfulk-2018-hatis

A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatis

AUTHOR / EDITOR
R. D. Fulk
YEAR
2018
PUBLISHER
John Benjamins Publishing Company · Library of Congress
DOI
10.1075/sigl.3
SOURCE TYPE
historical grammar
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
2CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
5COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
2RANKED REVEALS
3DISPUTES
2JOURNEY STAGES
3WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
RANK 30GRADE Acontext

Gothic hatis—the noun related to English hate—survives chiefly as wrath, including the wrath to come and the wrath of God.

Project Wulfila reports fifteen tokens in hatis, hatiza, and hatize. Fourteen are biblical; Streitberg maps the family chiefly to Greek orgē, gives Galatians 5:20 thumos, and flags Ephesians 4:31 because both stand together. Codex Argenteus folio 129r directly preserves hatiza in “the wrath to come.” Even the paradigm resists simplification: synchronic neuter a-stem, historically an i-stem remodeled into it.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hatis

p. 80, hatis transferred from i-stem history to Gothic a-stem inflection

Supports the remodeled-paradigm portion of the reveal.

RANK 49GRADE Asupports

The token is attested even though the dictionary headword wears an asterisk.

Köbler heads the Old Saxon noun hėti* but lists written accusative and dative heti plus genitive hetias beneath it. The exact Munich Heliand token is directly visible in the clause rîkioro manno heti endi harmquidi. The dictionary count three also hides a second distinction: it means three lexical loci, while Heliand 1322 survives with M, C, and V readings, producing five reported witness readings across the dossier. The star therefore belongs to an editorial headword layer; it does not erase the attested surface or turn Old Saxon into Proto-Germanic. The visible Heliand context is endured hostility or persecution, while the Saxon Confession groups hetias with malice, envy, and slander. Even the inherited grammar stays open: Fulk and Köbler use an i-stem analysis, whereas Pfeifer calls the wider noun an old es/os-stem.

*ḱeh₂d-

*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → heti

p. 80, i-stem Old Saxon heti and Gothic a-stem transfer

Publishes the i-stem comparison and a contrasting branch remodeling.

02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
resolvedsupportsprobable

Was hatis an inherited i-stem or a Gothic neuter a-stem?

Both descriptions operate at different historical levels. Project Wulfila classifies the surviving Gothic paradigm as a neuter a-stem; Fulk treats hatis as an inherited i-stem transferred to the a-stems and compares Old English hete and Old Saxon heti.

p. 80, hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem hete and heti

Supplies the diachronic i-stem analysis.

03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
EDGE 1132supportsprobable

hatis → *hatiz-

Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Proto-Germanic *hatiz- is represented by Gothic hatis word-finally and by the stem hatiz- before a vowel-initial ending, visible in hatiza. Gothic then regularizes the inherited i-stem into neuter a-stem inflection.
MEANING
The inherited anger or hostility noun becomes the Gothic translation choice for Greek wrath vocabulary. That contextual specialization does not prove the noun lacked hatred senses elsewhere.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
R. D. Fulk · John T. Koch · Project Wulfila editors
p. 80, §5.2: hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti

Identifies Gothic a-stem remodeling of an inherited i-stem comparison.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 1259supportsprobable

heti → *hatiz-

Old Saxon → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Old Saxon heti is directly compared with the reconstructed Germanic noun represented here as *hatiz-. The inherited h-t frame and i-stem comparison are published; no unattested West Germanic intermediate or falsely precise sound-change date is inserted.
MEANING
The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and hostility field continues in an Old Saxon noun whose located contexts include endured persecution or hostile speech and confessed hostility. No one daughter context is promoted as the original meaning.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
R. D. Fulk · Gerhard Köbler · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Linguistics Research Center editors
p. 80, §5.2: Gothic hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti

Directly supplies the inherited i-stem comparison and Gothic remodeling contrast.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

0
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

5
hatis

hete

Old English

the inherited i-stem noun cognate that becomes a full Old English dossier

hatis

heti

Old Saxon

the inherited i-stem noun compared directly with Gothic hatis

hatizōn

heti

Old Saxon

a cognate noun used in the inherited i-stem comparison

heti

hete

Old English

the inherited i-stem noun directly compared by Fulk

heti

hatis

Gothic

the inherited noun remodeled into Gothic a-stem inflection

06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

3
hatis6 CLAIM LINKS↗hatizōn2 CLAIM LINKS↗heti7 CLAIM LINKS↗

3 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.