Proto-Germanic *hatiz- is represented by Gothic hatis word-finally and by the stem hatiz- before a vowel-initial ending, visible in hatiza. Gothic then regularizes the inherited i-stem into neuter a-stem inflection.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1132inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
hatis
hatred, anger, or wrath
OPEN NODE 1143 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem*hatiz-
hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
OPEN NODE 1094 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The inherited anger or hostility noun becomes the Gothic translation choice for Greek wrath vocabulary. That contextual specialization does not prove the noun lacked hatred senses elsewhere.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into the fourth-century Gothic translation tradition and surviving sixth-century manuscripts.
R. D. Fulk · John T. Koch · Project Wulfila editors
probable — The Gothic forms and paradigm alternation are attested; the Proto-Germanic parent and the direction of prehistoric remodeling are comparative analyses.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Lemma hatis — Gothic dictionary and fifteen-token occurrence inventoryLemma hatis, neuter a-stem classification and fifteen-token occurrence inventory
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Supplies the synchronic corpus lemma, inflection class, and complete current occurrence count.
Die gotische Bibel — Wörterbuch entry hatisp. 55, hatis (z), full case-and-context inventory
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the hatis, hatiza, and hatize paradigm and its Greek translation equivalents.
A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatisp. 80, §5.2: hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Identifies Gothic a-stem remodeling of an inherited i-stem comparison.
Celto-Germanic — HATRED *kad-p. 101, HATRED *kad-: Proto-Germanic *hataz ~ *hatiz- and Gothic hatis
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the Germanic reconstruction and branch comparison.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE