Old Saxon heti is directly compared with the reconstructed Germanic noun represented here as *hatiz-. The inherited h-t frame and i-stem comparison are published; no unattested West Germanic intermediate or falsely precise sound-change date is inserted.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1259inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
heti
hate, hostility, enmity, or persecution
OPEN NODE 1293 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem*hatiz-
hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
OPEN NODE 1094 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and hostility field continues in an Old Saxon noun whose located contexts include endured persecution or hostile speech and confessed hostility. No one daughter context is promoted as the original meaning.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into ninth- and tenth-century Old Saxon textual and manuscript evidence.
R. D. Fulk · Gerhard Köbler · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Linguistics Research Center editors
probable — The inherited family is secure, while Fulk and Köbler use an i-stem analysis and Pfeifer calls the wider noun an old es/os-stem. The exact reconstructed morphology is therefore not singular.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatisp. 80, §5.2: Gothic hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Directly supplies the inherited i-stem comparison and Gothic remodeling contrast.
DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang PfeiferPfeifer etymology: Old Saxon heti and the wider noun as an old es/os-stem
challengesAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Preserves a competing inherited stem-class description rather than forcing false agreement.
Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandhėti* entry: st. M. (i); Germanic *hati-, *hatiz; complete B field
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Classifies the Old Saxon noun and publishes the Germanic comparison beneath its starred normalized headword.
Old Saxon Reflex Index — hatan, hatōn, heti, and hōti under k̑ād-Old Saxon reflex row heti mapped to k̑ād-
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently places the attested branch form in the comparative family.
Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexesOld Saxon heti and wider Germanic reflex table under k̑ād-
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Displays the branch noun beside Old English, Old High German, Old Norse, and Gothic reflexes.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE