NODE / 1293attestedOld Saxon

heti

TRANSLITERATION heti

hate, hostility, enmity, or persecution

DATE: Old Saxon Heliand, Genesis, and Saxon Confession record
SENSE: hate hostility persecution old saxon
FAMILY: Indo-European / West Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:92:heti:attested:sense:hate-hostility-persecution-old-saxon

Köbler lists accusative and dative singular heti plus genitive singular hetias beneath the starred normalized headword hėti*. The surface heti is directly visible at Heliand 1322 in Cgm 25; the exact historical pronunciation, unattested nominative citation form, first use, and full semantic distribution are not recovered.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERinheritanceprobable

Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate anger germanic i stem

*hatiz-

hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility

SOUND: Old Saxon heti is directly compared with the reconstructed Germanic noun represented here as *hatiz-. The inherited h-t frame and i-stem comparison are published; no unattested West Germanic intermediate or falsely precise sound-change date is inserted.
MEANING: The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and hostility field continues in an Old Saxon noun whose located contexts include endured persecution or hostile speech and confessed hostility. No one daughter context is promoted as the original meaning.
CHRONOLOGY: Proto-Germanic reconstruction into ninth- and tenth-century Old Saxon textual and manuscript evidence.
SCHOLAR: R. D. Fulk · Gerhard Köbler · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Linguistics Research Center editors
CONFIDENCE: probable — The inherited family is secure, while Fulk and Köbler use an i-stem analysis and Pfeifer calls the wider noun an old es/os-stem. The exact reconstructed morphology is therefore not singular.

A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages — Gothic hatissupportsp. 80, §5.2: Gothic hatis transferred to the a-stems; compare i-stem Old English hete and Old Saxon heti

Directly supplies the inherited i-stem comparison and Gothic remodeling contrast.

ORIGINAL ↗

DWDS — Hass, etymology after Wolfgang PfeiferchallengesPfeifer etymology: Old Saxon heti and the wider noun as an old es/os-stem

Preserves a competing inherited stem-class description rather than forcing false agreement.

ORIGINAL ↗

Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandsupportshėti* entry: st. M. (i); Germanic *hati-, *hatiz; complete B field

Classifies the Old Saxon noun and publishes the Germanic comparison beneath its starred normalized headword.

ORIGINAL ↗

Old Saxon Reflex Index — hatan, hatōn, heti, and hōti under k̑ād-contextOld Saxon reflex row heti mapped to k̑ād-

Independently places the attested branch form in the comparative family.

ORIGINAL ↗

Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexescontextOld Saxon heti and wider Germanic reflex table under k̑ād-

Displays the branch noun beside Old English, Old High German, Old Norse, and Gothic reflexes.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1259 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 0
REVIEWED EDGES: 0
DEEPEST PATH: 0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 0

No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE