PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYkoebler-old-saxon-haton-hettiand
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
89 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionarykoebler-old-saxon-haton-hettiand
Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiand
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Gerhard Köbler
- YEAR
- 2014
- PUBLISHER
- Gerhard Köbler, International Germanic Etymological Lexicotheca
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
013
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 48GRADE Asupports
Old Saxon hate crosses from verb into enemy noun inside one manuscript locus.
Köbler assigns hatōn four cited loci, but the evidence is not four neat tokens. Heliand 1451 alone varies between Munich hatan and Cotton haton. At Heliand 4915, Munich hatandiero and Cotton hettendero are indexed twice: under the verb as present-participial forms and under hėttiand as the lexicalized agent noun enemy. The Munich hatan and hatandiero pixels are directly inspected. The reveal is therefore grammatical, not mystical: one written formation sits at the boundary between haters and enemies. It does not prove that every enemy hates, that pursue was the first meaning, or that the four-locus dictionary count represents four manuscripts.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → hatan → hatōn
hatōn and hėttiand entries; Heliand 1451 and 4915 B fieldsSupplies the four-locus count, written variants, participial analysis, and duplicate agent-noun indexing.
hatōn dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 49GRADE Asupports
The token is attested even though the dictionary headword wears an asterisk.
Köbler heads the Old Saxon noun hėti* but lists written accusative and dative heti plus genitive hetias beneath it. The exact Munich Heliand token is directly visible in the clause rîkioro manno heti endi harmquidi. The dictionary count three also hides a second distinction: it means three lexical loci, while Heliand 1322 survives with M, C, and V readings, producing five reported witness readings across the dossier. The star therefore belongs to an editorial headword layer; it does not erase the attested surface or turn Old Saxon into Proto-Germanic. The visible Heliand context is endured hostility or persecution, while the Saxon Confession groups hetias with malice, envy, and slander. Even the inherited grammar stays open: Fulk and Köbler use an i-stem analysis, whereas Pfeifer calls the wider noun an old es/os-stem.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → heti
hėti* entry: count three; cases; Heliand 1322 M C V; Genesis 60; BSp hetiasSupplies the starred headword layer, three loci, five witness readings, grammar, and semantic range.
heti dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 50GRADE Asupports
The hostile adjective may belong to whet and threat, not hate—and its starred lemma still has a nominative.
Köbler's Old Saxon entry reports five written readings at three Heliand loci, including nominative hotie, huotia, and huoti, yet heads the entry hōti*. The asterisk therefore cannot be explained away as “no nominative survives.” More radically, the sources split at the root. UT groups hōti with hatōn and heti under the inherited hate etymon k̑ād-. Köbler's same entry cross-references hatōn but reconstructs a different *hwōtja- adjective beside *hwōtō “threat” and Pokorny's *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- family of boring, pricking, sharpening, whetting, and inciting. Munich hotie and hotean are directly visible in contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent; Cotton huotia, huotian, and huoti remain source-reported. The unveiling is not “hostility secretly means sharpened hate.” It is that rigorous etymology sometimes reveals two irreconcilable maps where a flat dictionary would print one arrow.
*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-
*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- → *hwōtō → *hwōtja- → hōti
hōti* entry: count three; five readings; contexts; *hwōtja- and *kʷē̆d- analysisSupplies the starred headword puzzle, full lexical inventory, and threat-whet-incite route.
hōti dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
0239
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Is Heliand 4915 unambiguously a productive present participle?
No. Köbler lists hatandiero or hettendero under the verb hatōn as present participial forms and also under hėttiand, a lexicalized agent noun meaning enemy.
hatōn B field and hėttiand B field at Heliand 4915Double-indexes the same readings across verb and lexicalized agent noun.
opensupportsprobable
Is Heliand 4915 unambiguously an enemy noun?
No. The separate hėttiand entry establishes the lexicalized noun analysis, while the verb entry retains the same readings as participial evidence. The surviving phrase alone does not erase the overlap.
hatōn and hėttiand entries at Heliand 4915Publishes the same readings as present-participial verb evidence and as forms of the lexicalized enemy noun.
opensupportsprobable
Did Old Saxon hatōn mean pursue as well as hate?
Köbler lexicographically gives both hassen and verfolgen, so the action range belongs in the record. The four-locus inventory does not by itself assign both readings to every token or establish their chronology.
hatōn entry glosses hassen, verfolgenPublishes the branch-level semantic range.
opencontextprobable
Is the Proto-Germanic parent exactly *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan?
The comparative family is secure, but notation is not singular. Orel prints the alternation while Köbler prints Germanic *hatōn.
hatōn entry: Germanic *hatōnPublishes a second reconstruction notation.
opencontextprobable
Was the weak verb formed directly from *hatiz-?
The weak verb and Old Saxon heti belong to the same inherited family, but the exact formation direction and chronology among noun, weak-verb paradigms, and agent noun remain reconstructed.
hatōn entry: related heti and hėttiand entriesShows the Old Saxon noun, verb, and agent network.
opensupportsprobable
Does the trailing star specifically mean that the nominative singular is unattested?
That is a plausible reading because Köbler lists only accusative, dative, and genitive evidence, but no explicit legend defining this exact trailing star was located in the reviewed source.
hėti* entry: accusative, dative, and genitive inventory without a nominativeSupplies the inflectional fact while not explicitly defining the star convention.
opensupportsprobable
Is *hatiz- the one exact spoken Proto-Germanic parent?
It is the atlas's reviewed cross-source representation, not a recording. Köbler prints *hati-, *hatiz, Koch gives *hataz ~ *hatiz-, and Pfeifer's stem-class description differs.
Germanic *hati-, *hatizPublishes one reconstruction notation.
opencontextestablished
Was persecution the securely recovered original meaning?
No. The Heliand context supports persecution or endured hostility at one branch locus, but a daughter-language context cannot by itself establish semantic priority in Proto-Germanic or Proto-Indo-European.
Heliand contextual label persecutioSupports one Old Saxon use without proving prehistoric priority.
opensupportsestablished
Can one exact Old Saxon pronunciation of heti be recovered?
No. The reviewed sources supply spellings, editorial vowel notation, grammar, and comparison, but no recorded voice or fully dated phonetic sequence.
Written heti and normalized hėti* formsSupplies orthographic and editorial evidence, not audio.
opensupportsestablished
Does the trailing star mean that no nominative form is attested?
No simple rule of that kind fits this entry: Köbler explicitly reports nominative plural hotie and huotia plus nominative singular huoti beneath hōti*. The exact convention remains unstated in the located material.
Nom. plural hotie and huotia; Nom. singular huotiShows that nominative evidence exists beneath the starred headword.
opensupportsestablished
Do ho- and huo- spellings prove one precisely dated sound change?
No. They establish witness variation across M and C. The available spellings, manuscript dates, and editorial macrons do not by themselves recover one exact phonetic sequence.
M hotie / hotean and C huotia / huotian pairsPublishes witness variation without phonetic dating.
openchallengesproposed
Does hōti belong to the hate family or the threat-whet-incite family?
The reviewed sources disagree. UT files hōti under k̑ād- with hate reflexes; Köbler reconstructs *hwōtja- beside *hwōtō and the *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex.
hōti* E field: *hwōtja-, *hwōtō, Pokorny 636Publishes the distinct threat-whet-incite route.
opensupportsestablished
Does Köbler's headword cross-reference to hatōn settle the ancestry?
No. “See hatōn” is a lexical cross-reference; the same entry's E field supplies the distinct *hwōtja- etymology. Cross-reference, semantic neighborhood, and parent edge are separate claim types.
Hw: see hatōn; E: Germanic *hwōtja-Places lexical cross-reference and ancestry analysis in separate fields.
opensupportsproposed
Is *hwōtja- securely derived from *hwōtō in that direction?
Not from the located evidence. Köbler says compare the noun *hwōtō “threat,” which establishes a proposed relationship but not a fully demonstrated direction of formation.
Compare Germanic *hwōtō, threatPublishes a comparison but no fully argued formation direction.
opencontextestablished
Is *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- a securely attested prehistoric word?
No. It is a Pokorny etymon adapted in a comparative database whose pages are explicitly under active construction. Its link to hōti is a published proposal.
Question-marked root variants in the E fieldPreserves Köbler's own formal uncertainty.
opensupportsestablished
Can one exact Old Saxon pronunciation of hōti be recovered?
No. Spellings, cases, manuscript variation, and editorial vowel length do not supply recorded speech or one completely dated phonetic reconstruction.
Five written forms and normalized headwordSupplies orthographic and editorial evidence, not recorded speech.
opensupportsestablished
Does the threat-whet route unveil the word's one true nature as sharpened hostility?
No. That is an evocative modern paraphrase, not an attested ancient definition. The route itself is disputed, and the visible contexts establish hostile disposition or intent without recovering prehistoric consciousness.
Hostile adjective gloss, contextual quotations, and proposed etymologyKeeps branch meaning, token context, and root proposal distinct.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is hatan the normalized Old Saxon headword?
No. It is the exact manuscript-M infinitive at Heliand 1451. Köbler normalizes the lexeme as hatōn and reports manuscript C haton at the same locus.
hatōn entry and Heliand 1451 M or C readingsSeparates the normalized lemma from written hatan and haton.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Köbler’s count four mean four manuscripts?
No. The entry exposes four cited loci: Heliand 1451, Heliand 4915, Heliand 5423, and one GlG gloss. Manuscript variation yields six displayed witness readings across those loci.
Entry count four and complete B fieldProvides four cited loci and six manuscript or gloss readings.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Were the Cotton haton, hettendero, and hatoda readings directly inspected?
No. Köbler reports the C readings and Biblissima supplies manuscript identity and dating, but their exact folio pixels were not located and inspected in this review.
Heliand 1451 C, 4915 C, and 5423 C reportsSupplies source-reported Cotton readings without object-level inspection.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does haton aligned with Latin odisse define the entire verb?
No. It is one bilingual gloss locus. The Heliand supplies distinct syntactic contexts, and a translation equivalent does not recover every sense, construction, or historical stage.
GlG Inf. haton odisse, Wa 62, 12bPublishes one bilingual gloss locus.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the hėttiand overlap prove that every enemy is literally a hater?
No. Historical lexicalization explains a word formation, not the psychology of every person denoted by the noun.
hėttiand entry: enemy agent nounEstablishes the lexicalized linguistic category, not a psychological universal.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Old Saxon heti itself attested?
Yes. Köbler reports accusative and dative singular heti, and the exact Munich Heliand 1322 token is visible in Cgm 25 folio 20r.
hėti* B field: H Acc. Sg. heti 1322 M C V; Gen Dat. Sg. heti Gen 60Publishes the exact written surface and inflectional loci.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Köbler's hėti* a prehistoric proto-form?
No. It is the starred normalized headword of an Old Saxon dictionary entry whose own B field lists written Old Saxon heti and hetias; the entry separately labels Germanic *hati-, *hatiz as its etymology.
hėti* entry: Old Saxon headword and separate Germanic *hati-, *hatiz etymologySeparates the starred citation-form layer from the older reconstruction layer.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Köbler's count three mean three manuscripts?
No. It denotes three lexical loci: Heliand 1322, Genesis 60, and the Saxon Confession. The Heliand locus alone has M, C, and V readings, producing five reported witness readings overall.
Entry count three and complete B fieldProvides three loci and five manuscript or text readings.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Do manuscripts M, C, and V represent three separate Heliand occurrences?
No. Köbler assigns all three readings to the same Heliand 1322 locus. They are separate witnesses to one textual occurrence, not three line-level uses.
H Acc. Sg. heti 1322 M C VAssigns three manuscript sigla to one verse locus.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Were the Cotton, Vatican, Genesis, and Saxon Confession objects directly inspected?
No. Their readings are source-reported through Köbler or the Academy dictionary; no exact primary-object pixels were inspected for those four rows.
Heliand 1322 C V and Genesis 60 reportsSupplies source-reported readings without object-level inspection.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Heliand 1322 use heti only for a private feeling?
No. Köbler gives Latin persecutio for the Heliand use, and the visible clause says righteous people endure powerful men's heti and harmquidi. The noun functions in an external hostility or persecution setting.
hėti* entry: Latin persecutio for H and quoted Heliand contextPublishes the contextual persecution analysis.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does the Heliand persecution context define every use of the noun?
No. Genesis supplies a different grammatical environment, and the Saxon Confession places hetias among confessed wrongs beside malice, envy, and slander. One line cannot define the whole lexeme.
Three-locus inventory across Heliand, Genesis, and BSpShows that the lexeme is not evidenced by one context alone.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was Old Saxon heti an i-stem noun?
Köbler classifies it as masculine strong i-stem, and Fulk directly calls Old Saxon heti an i-stem in comparison with Gothic hatis.
hėti* entry: st. M. (i)Classifies the Old Saxon noun as a masculine i-stem.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Old Saxon hōti supported by attested forms?
Yes. Köbler reports five written inflectional readings at three Heliand loci, and Munich hotie and hotean are directly visible.
hōti* B field: five readings at Heliand 5183, 5246, and 5285Publishes the full inflectional inventory.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is Köbler's hōti* a Proto-Germanic reconstruction?
No. It is the starred headword of an Old Saxon entry whose B field lists Heliand forms; the entry separately labels Germanic *hwōtja- as etymology.
Old Saxon hōti* headword and separate Germanic *hwōtja- E fieldSeparates the dictionary-headword star from the reconstruction.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Köbler's count three mean three manuscripts or five occurrences?
Neither. It denotes three Heliand line loci; two loci have M and C readings, while one has C only, producing five witness readings.
Count three and complete B fieldProvides three line loci and five readings.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Are hotie and huotia two separate Heliand uses?
No. They are manuscript M and C readings at the same Heliand 5183 locus. The same distinction applies to hotean and huotian at 5246.
Heliand 5183 M C and 5246 M CAssigns each manuscript pair to one textual locus.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Were Cotton huotia, huotian, and huoti directly inspected?
No. All three are source-reported through Köbler; the Cotton manuscript is cataloged separately, but no exact page pixels were inspected for these tokens.
Heliand 5183 C, 5246 C, and 5285 CSupplies the source-reported Cotton readings.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Do the manuscript dates prove a first known use?
No. The Heliand work predates both copies, and the surviving witnesses are transmission objects rather than the adjective's origin event.
H 830 and three-locus inventorySeparates work-level evidence from later surviving objects.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is exact surface hōti written in one of the five reported readings?
No. The reported forms are hotie, huotia, hotean, huotian, and huoti. The macronized citation form hōti is an editorial normalization.
hōti* headword and B-field surfacesExposes the difference between normalized lemma and written inflections.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does every Heliand context simply mean hate?
No. The located contexts concern hostile minds, hostile intent, and a ruler becoming hostile or enraged in mind. Those are compatible with hostility but do not force the modern noun hate into every token.
Quoted contexts for the three lociPublishes hostile or enraged contextual readings.
resolvedcontextestablished
Does English whet descend from Old Saxon hōti?
No such direct descent is claimed. UT places whet and other Germanic sharpen or incite reflexes under *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-; Köbler uses that etymon for hōti, making them proposed deeper relatives if his route is right.
hōti* E field and Pokorny 636 citationProvides the proposed shared-root bridge.
038
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1137contextprobable
*xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → *hatiz-
Proto-Germanic → Proto-Germanic · derivation
- SOUND
- Orel groups the weak-verb reconstruction with the Germanic hate-noun base he represents as *xataz ~ *xatez; the graph crosswalks that base to its reviewed *hatiz- node.
- MEANING
- A noun family for hate or enmity supplies or associates with weak verbs whose daughter branches express hating, hostility, pursuit, and anger.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Merriam-Webster Editors
hatōn entry: related Old Saxon heti and Germanic analysisConnects the Old Saxon verb to the inherited hate noun within the dictionary.
EDGE 1253supportsestablished
hatōn → hatan
Old Saxon → Old Saxon · orthographic variant
- SOUND
- The normalized lemma hatōn abstracts over written infinitive hatan in Munich manuscript M and haton in manuscript C. The macron and final-vowel normalization are editorial analyses; this edge does not claim that one token changed directly into the other.
- MEANING
- No meaning change is assigned. Both infinitive readings belong to the same reviewed hate verb, while their object dates and manuscript identities remain separate.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Gerhard Köbler · University of Texas Linguistics Research Center · SET-U manuscript review
hatōn entry: H Inf. hatan 1451 M, haton 1451 CPlaces both written infinitive readings under the normalized Old Saxon headword.
EDGE 1254contextproposed
hatan → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
Old Saxon → Proto-Germanic · competing inheritance
- SOUND
- Old Saxon h continues the Germanic fricative represented by Orel as x, while the attested ō-class paradigm is compared with reconstructed weak-verb alternatives. Orel prints *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan; Köbler prints *hatōn.
- MEANING
- The inherited Germanic hostility verb continues as Old Saxon hate or, in lexicographic description, pursue. The evidence does not establish pursuit as the one earlier or original meaning.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Gerhard Köbler · University of Texas Linguistics Research Center
hatōn entry: Germanic *hatōn and Old Saxon paradigmPublishes a second reconstruction notation alongside the attested branch evidence.
EDGE 1259supportsprobable
heti → *hatiz-
Old Saxon → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old Saxon heti is directly compared with the reconstructed Germanic noun represented here as *hatiz-. The inherited h-t frame and i-stem comparison are published; no unattested West Germanic intermediate or falsely precise sound-change date is inserted.
- MEANING
- The Germanic hate, anger, enmity, and hostility field continues in an Old Saxon noun whose located contexts include endured persecution or hostile speech and confessed hostility. No one daughter context is promoted as the original meaning.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- R. D. Fulk · Gerhard Köbler · Wolfgang Pfeifer · Linguistics Research Center editors
hėti* entry: st. M. (i); Germanic *hati-, *hatiz; complete B fieldClassifies the Old Saxon noun and publishes the Germanic comparison beneath its starred normalized headword.
EDGE 1263supportsproposed
hōti → *hwōtja-
Old Saxon → Proto-Germanic · competing inheritance
- SOUND
- Under Köbler's analysis, the normalized Old Saxon h-ō-t-i frame continues a Germanic *hw-ō-t-j- adjective. The five written Old Saxon surfaces vary between ho- and huo- and across inflectional endings; the edge does not assign one exact phonetic date to those spellings.
- MEANING
- A reconstructed hostile or threatening adjective continues in Heliand contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent. The branch evidence does not prove that sharpened or incited was the adjective's consciously felt meaning.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Gerhard Köbler
hōti* entry, E field: Germanic *hwōtja-, *hwōtjazPublishes the direct Germanic adjective reconstruction beneath the Old Saxon entry.
EDGE 1264supportsproposed
*hwōtja- → *hwōtō
Proto-Germanic → Proto-Germanic · derivation
- SOUND
- The adjective in *-ja- is compared with the long-vowel Germanic noun *hwōtō. The located entry does not independently settle whether the adjective derives from the noun, the noun from a related verb, or both from a shared base.
- MEANING
- The compared noun means threat while the adjective means hostile or enraged. The graph preserves the semantic proximity without converting it into one documented derivational event.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Gerhard Köbler
hōti* entry, E field: compare Germanic *hwōtō, threatPublishes the related formation while leaving derivational direction implicit.
EDGE 1265supportsproposed
*hwōtō → *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-
Proto-Germanic → Proto-Indo-European · comparative derivation
- SOUND
- Köbler compares the Germanic hwōt- formation with Pokorny's labiovelar *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex; the UT page independently displays reflexes with Germanic hw- and meanings sharpen, whet, and incite.
- MEANING
- A physical field of boring, pricking, or stabbing develops in Germanic comparanda toward sharpness, whetting, incitement, and threat. The exact path to the Old Saxon hostile adjective remains proposed.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Gerhard Köbler · Linguistics Research Center editors
hōti* entry, E field: Pokorny 636, *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complexConnects the Germanic adjective and threat noun with the bore, sharpen, and incite etymon.
EDGE 1267challengesproposed
hōti → *hatiz-
Old Saxon → Proto-Germanic · competing inheritance
- SOUND
- UT places Old Saxon hōti in the same reflex table as hatōn, heti, and the wider Germanic hate family. The atlas crosswalks that classification to its reviewed *hatiz- node without claiming an observed Proto-Germanic token.
- MEANING
- The hostile or inimical adjective is grouped with hate, displeasure, enmity, anger, and persecution. Köbler's distinct *hwōtja- analysis prevents this semantic grouping from being treated as a settled single parent.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Linguistics Research Center editors · SET-U cross-source review
hōti* entry, separate E field *hwōtja- and *kʷē̆d- comparisonPublishes a competing parent family despite the entry's headword cross-reference to hatōn.
0410
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
hatōnSOURCE-REPORTED
hatan
Heliand manuscript C, enemy command
OPEN WITNESS 487 ↗hatōnSOURCE-REPORTED
hatan
Heliand manuscript C, arrest scene
OPEN WITNESS 489 ↗hatōnSOURCE-REPORTED
hatan
Heliand manuscript C, preterite locus
OPEN WITNESS 490 ↗hatōnSOURCE-REPORTED
hatan
GlG bilingual gloss
OPEN WITNESS 491 ↗hetiSOURCE-REPORTED
heti
Heliand manuscript C, Beatitudes persecution clause
OPEN WITNESS 493 ↗hetiSOURCE-REPORTED
heti
Heliand manuscript V, Beatitudes persecution clause
OPEN WITNESS 494 ↗hetiSOURCE-REPORTED
heti
Old Saxon Genesis dative occurrence
OPEN WITNESS 495 ↗hōtiSOURCE-REPORTED
hōti
Heliand manuscript C, Pilate question
OPEN WITNESS 498 ↗hōtiSOURCE-REPORTED
hōti
Heliand manuscript C, accusation before Pilate
OPEN WITNESS 500 ↗hōtiSOURCE-REPORTED
hōti
Heliand manuscript C, Herod and his host
OPEN WITNESS 501 ↗0515
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
hėttiand
Old Saxonthe lexicalized enemy agent noun whose Heliand 4915 forms overlap the verb inventory
heti
Old Saxonthe inherited hate, hostility, or persecution noun
hōti
Old Saxona related hostile or enraged adjective
hatul
Old Saxonan adjective meaning hostile, hate-filled, or hated
hatulo
Old Saxona derivative used for the Devil
haton
Old Dutcha collateral West Germanic weak verb form compared by Köbler
hāten
Middle Low Germanthe later Low German continuation meaning hate or begrudge
hėtigrim
Old Saxonan adjective meaning grim, hate-filled, or sharply attacking
hėtilīk
Old Saxona hostile adjective built in the same lexical family
hėttiand
Old Saxonthe lexicalized enemy agent noun connected with the hate family
hatōn
Old Saxonthe reviewed weak verb whose normalized paradigm includes hate and pursue
hāte / hāt
Middle Low Germanlater Low German noun forms meaning hate or enmity
hatōn
Old Saxonthe dictionary headword cross-reference and the reviewed hate verb, not by itself proof of ancestry
höt / höte
Middle Low Germanlater hostile, bad, or violent adjectives compared by Köbler
*huozi?
Old High Germana question-marked comparison printed by Köbler and retained as uncertain
0614
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2context
Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon
Provides a second reconstruction notation.
hatōn entry: Germanic *hatōn · uncertainstage 6supports
Old Saxon smaller-monument record
Reports the gloss while leaving its directly inspected object layer open.
hatōn entry: GlG Inf. haton odisse, Wa 62, 12b · uncertainstage 7supports
Middle Low German linguistic continuum
Publishes the later Low German continuation.
hatōn entry: Middle Low German hāten · broadstage 2context
Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon
Publishes the dictionary's Germanic comparison.
hėti* entry: Germanic *hati-, *hatiz · uncertainstage 3supports
Old Saxon Heliand textual horizon
Supplies the three reported manuscript readings at one lexical locus.
hėti* entry: Heliand 1322 M C V · broadstage 5supports
Later Heliand manuscript transmission
Reports the C and V readings while leaving their exact folio images uninspected.
Heliand 1322 M C V inventory · broadstage 6supports
Old Saxon Genesis and Saxon Confession records
Reports both smaller-text loci and their grammatical forms.
Genesis 60 dative singular heti and BSp genitive singular hetias · broadstage 7supports
Middle Low German linguistic continuum
Publishes the later Low German continuations.
hėti* entry: Middle Low German hāte, hāt · broadstage 1supports
Proposed Indo-European bore-prick horizon
Supplies the proposed *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- route.
hōti* E field and Pokorny 636 citation · uncertainstage 3supports
Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon
Publishes the threat-related Proto-Germanic reconstruction lane.
Germanic *hwōtja- and *hwōtō · uncertainstage 4supports
Unresolved deep boundary
Shows why the two lanes are not collapsed into a secure common ancestor.
Question-marked deep forms and separate headword cross-reference · globalstage 5supports
Old Saxon Heliand textual horizon
Supplies work chronology and the line inventory.
H 830 and complete three-locus B field · broadstage 7supports
English Cotton manuscript transmission
Reports the three Cotton readings.
Heliand 5183 C, 5246 C, and 5285 C · broadstage 8supports
Middle Low German comparison horizon
Publishes the later Low German comparison.
hōti* W field: Middle Low German höt, höte · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
083
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
7 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.