Indo-European Lexicon — k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- and its reflexes
Publishes the hate-family classification.
k̑ād- reflex table containing hōti- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Linguistics Research Center editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- The University of Texas at Austin
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
The reviewed sources disagree. UT files hōti under k̑ād- with hate reflexes; Köbler reconstructs *hwōtja- beside *hwōtō and the *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex.
not directly recoverable · Old Saxon adjective
Old Saxon hōti is a normalized adjective headword supported by three Heliand loci and five reported witness readings: nominative plural hotie in manuscript M and huotia in C at line 5183; accusative singular hotean in M and huotian in C at line 5246; and nominative singular huoti in C at line 5285. The Munich forms hotie and hotean are directly visible in Cgm 25 scans 150 and 152; the three Cotton readings remain source-reported. Köbler nevertheless prints hōti* with a trailing star, so the mark cannot be reduced to “no nominative exists”: the same entry explicitly reports nominative huoti. The deeper genealogy splits. UT groups hōti with the inherited hate family under Pokorny's k̑ād- “hate, displeasure, uneasiness”; Köbler cross-references hatōn as a headword but gives the adjective a distinct etymology through Germanic *hwōtja- beside *hwōtō “threat” and Pokorny's *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex “bore, prick, stab,” whose wider reflexes include whetting and inciting. The graph preserves both lanes. It does not turn hostile intent into a timeless essence, infer exact pronunciation from spelling, or pretend that a dictionary cross-reference settles ancestry.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Publishes the hate-family classification.
k̑ād- reflex table containing hōtiPublishes the distinct threat-whet-incite route.
hōti* E field: *hwōtja-, *hwōtō, Pokorny 636Independently exposes the proposed deep root's Germanic semantic field.
*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- reflex pageThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.