BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYut-pie-kwed-bore-prick-reflex-page

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Indo-European Lexicon — kʷē̆d-, kʷō̆d- and its bore, prick, whet, and incite reflexes

AUTHOR / EDITOR: Linguistics Research Center editors
YEAR: 2026
PUBLISHER: The University of Texas at Austin
DOI: Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE: research database
EXTERNAL RECORD: OPEN ORIGINAL ↗

2CANONICAL EDGES

0WITNESSES

10COMPARISONS

0CONTEXT LINKS

1RANKED REVEALS

3DISPUTES

2JOURNEY STAGES

1WORD DOSSIERS

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

RANK 50GRADE Acontext

The hostile adjective may belong to whet and threat, not hate—and its starred lemma still has a nominative.

Köbler's Old Saxon entry reports five written readings at three Heliand loci, including nominative hotie, huotia, and huoti, yet heads the entry hōti*. The asterisk therefore cannot be explained away as “no nominative survives.” More radically, the sources split at the root. UT groups hōti with hatōn and heti under the inherited hate etymon k̑ād-. Köbler's same entry cross-references hatōn but reconstructs a different *hwōtja- adjective beside *hwōtō “threat” and Pokorny's *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- family of boring, pricking, sharpening, whetting, and inciting. Munich hotie and hotean are directly visible in contexts of hostile minds and hostile intent; Cotton huotia, huotian, and huoti remain source-reported. The unveiling is not “hostility secretly means sharpened hate.” It is that rigorous etymology sometimes reveals two irreconcilable maps where a flat dictionary would print one arrow.

*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-

*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- → *hwōtō → *hwōtja- → hōti

*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- reflex table

Independently exposes the bore, prick, whet, and incite semantic complex.

hōti dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

opencontextproposed

Does hōti belong to the hate family or the threat-whet-incite family?

The reviewed sources disagree. UT files hōti under k̑ād- with hate reflexes; Köbler reconstructs *hwōtja- beside *hwōtō and the *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex.

*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- reflex page

Independently exposes the proposed deep root's Germanic semantic field.

hōti dossier ↗dispute record ↗

opensupportsestablished

Is kʷē̆d- / kʷō̆d- a securely attested prehistoric word?

No. It is a Pokorny etymon adapted in a comparative database whose pages are explicitly under active construction. Its link to hōti is a published proposal.

Pokorny etymon and construction notice

Identifies the reconstructed and revisable comparative layer.

hōti dossier ↗dispute record ↗

resolvedsupportsestablished

Does English whet descend from Old Saxon hōti?

No such direct descent is claimed. UT places whet and other Germanic sharpen or incite reflexes under *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-; Köbler uses that etymon for hōti, making them proposed deeper relatives if his route is right.

Old English hwettan, English whet, and Germanic comparanda

Places whet in the deeper reconstructed family rather than under Old Saxon hōti.

hōti dossier ↗dispute record ↗

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

EDGE 1265contextproposed

hwōtō → kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-

Proto-Germanic → Proto-Indo-European · comparative derivation

SOUND: Köbler compares the Germanic hwōt- formation with Pokorny's labiovelar *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex; the UT page independently displays reflexes with Germanic hw- and meanings sharpen, whet, and incite.
MEANING: A physical field of boring, pricking, or stabbing develops in Germanic comparanda toward sharpness, whetting, incitement, and threat. The exact path to the Old Saxon hostile adjective remains proposed.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR: Gerhard Köbler · Linguistics Research Center editors

Pokorny etymon and Germanic reflex table

Independently publishes the deep etymon plus Old English, Old High German, North Germanic, and Gothic whet or incite reflexes.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗

EDGE 1266supportsboundary

kʷē̆d- / kʷō̆d- → UNKNOWN

Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary

SOUND: No older form is promoted beyond the *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- comparison.
MEANING: The trail stops before boring, pricking, whetting, inciting, threatening, and hostility are compressed into one recoverable prehistoric scene.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR: SET-U editorial boundary · Linguistics Research Center editors

Construction notice and reconstructed etymon

Marks the deepest displayed form as reconstructed and the current database as revisable.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS