Köbler compares the Germanic hwōt- formation with Pokorny's labiovelar *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex; the UT page independently displays reflexes with Germanic hw- and meanings sharpen, whet, and incite.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1265comparative derivationproposed
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
*hwōtō
threat or reprimand
OPEN NODE 1300 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Indo-European · Pokorny Indo-European etymon · bore prick stab whet incite base*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-
to bore, drill, prick, or stab; in Germanic reflexes, sharpen, whet, or incite
OPEN NODE 1301 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
A physical field of boring, pricking, or stabbing develops in Germanic comparanda toward sharpness, whetting, incitement, and threat. The exact path to the Old Saxon hostile adjective remains proposed.
Proposed Indo-European comparison into Proto-Germanic reconstructed formations.
Gerhard Köbler · Linguistics Research Center editors
proposed — The deep etymon and Germanic reflex field are published independently, but the specific *hwōtō link is supplied by Köbler and is not listed on UT's reflex page.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Altsächsisches Wörterbuch — hatōn and hėttiandhōti* entry, E field: Pokorny 636, *kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d- complex
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Connects the Germanic adjective and threat noun with the bore, sharpen, and incite etymon.
Indo-European Lexicon — kʷē̆d-, kʷō̆d- and its bore, prick, whet, and incite reflexesPokorny etymon and Germanic reflex table
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Independently publishes the deep etymon plus Old English, Old High German, North Germanic, and Gothic whet or incite reflexes.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE