PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYut-lrc-ghosti
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
11 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
scholarly lexiconut-lrc-ghosti
Indo-European Lexicon: ghosti-s
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- University of Texas Linguistics Research Center
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- University of Texas at Austin
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- scholarly lexicon
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
010
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No ranked contrarian reveal currently cites this source.
022
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opencontextprobable
How broadly distributed is *ghos-ti-?
The reconstruction is supported by Germanic, Italic, and Slavic evidence but is limited to a western set of Indo-European branches.
Pokorny ghosti-sSupplies an independent comparative lexicon record.
opencontextproposed
Does *ghos-ti- descend from *ǵhes- “take, give in exchange”?
A deeper exchange root has been proposed, but Merriam-Webster labels the analysis hypothetical and the other reviewed root references stop at *ghos-ti-.
Pokorny ghosti-sSupplies an independent root record that likewise does not require *ǵhes-.
033
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 127supportsprobable
giest / gyst / gest / gæst → *gastiz
Old English → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old English guest forms continue reconstructed Germanic *gastiz / *gasti-, alongside Old Saxon and Old High German gast, Old Norse gestr, and Gothic gasts.
- MEANING
- The Germanic family preserves guest and stranger senses.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage · University of Texas LRC
Germanic reflexesEDGE 128supportsprobable
*gastiz → *ghos-ti-
Proto-Germanic → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance
- SOUND
- Germanic *gastiz continues *ghos-ti-, with the Germanic reflex showing the inherited consonant and vowel developments represented across the cognate set.
- MEANING
- A reciprocal outsider or stranger specializes as the guest.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Indo-European Roots · University of Texas LRC
Pokorny ghosti-sEDGE 133supportsprobable
hostis → *ghos-ti-
Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance
- SOUND
- Latin hostis continues *ghos-ti-; the inherited word first denoted a foreigner or stranger and later narrowed to an enemy.
- MEANING
- The reciprocal or legally recognized outsider becomes the hostile outsider and enemy as Roman usage changes.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage Indo-European Roots · University of Texas LRC
Latin hostis reflex040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
052
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
064
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2supports
Germanic-speaking northern Europe
Catalogs the guest and stranger reflexes across West, North, and East Germanic, supporting the distributed branch without a single map point.
Pokorny ghosti-s; Germanic reflex sections · broadstage 1supports
Reconstructed Indo-European speech communities
Catalogs Germanic guest, Latin hospitality and hostility, Slavic guest, and Greek hospitality reflexes under the guest or stranger etymon.
Pokorny ghosti-s and Indo-European reflex table · uncertainstage 2supports
Latin-speaking Roman world
Lists Latin hostis with guest, stranger, host, and enemy senses and hostilis as the enemy-related adjective within the same reflex family.
Italic reflexes, hostis and hostilis · broadstage 1context
Indo-European linguistic horizon
Provides independent comparative reflex evidence while leaving geography unresolved.
Indo-European Lexicon ghos-ti-, Italic reflexes · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
083
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
3 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.