Guest — Word History
Labels *ǵhes- as a possible deeper exchange base rather than an established ancestor.
hypothetical deeper *ǵhes- note- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Merriam-Webster
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
A deeper exchange root has been proposed, but Merriam-Webster labels the analysis hypothetical and the other reviewed root references stop at *ghos-ti-.
/ˈhɑːstəl/ · adjective
Enemy-like or antagonistic, borrowed through French and Latin from hostīlis, built on Latin hostis “stranger; enemy.”
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Labels *ǵhes- as a possible deeper exchange base rather than an established ancestor.
hypothetical deeper *ǵhes- noteSupplies an independent root record that likewise does not require *ǵhes-.
Pokorny ghosti-sStops the published family at *ghos-ti- without requiring the deeper proposal.
ghos-ti- root horizonThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.