PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYkaczynska-2013-lex
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
38 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
journal articlekaczynska-2013-lex
The Indo-European Origin of Latin lex
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Elwira Kaczyńska
- YEAR
- 2013
- PUBLISHER
- University of Seville repository
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- journal article
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
012
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 209GRADE A−context
Intellect belongs to the gather-and-select family.
Latin morphology connects understanding with inter- and legere, the gather, select, and read family—but the historical pieces are not a complete theory of cognition.
*leǵ-
*leǵ- → legere → intellegere / intelligere → intellectus → intellecte → intellect
Argument for *sleg-Preserves the root-shape dispute behind the deeper family.
intellect dossier ↗truth record ↗78UNVEILING
RANK 212GRADE A−context
Logic and -logy are the same word family.
Both return to Greek λόγος; even the deeper “gather” root has a live reconstruction dispute.
*leǵ-
*leǵ- → λέγω → λόγος → λογικός → λογική → logica → logique → logik → logic
Argument for *sleg-Preserves the published disagreement over the deeper reconstructed root shape.
logic dossier ↗truth record ↗76UNVEILING
029
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
openchallengesproposed
Is the deepest root *leǵ- or *sleǵ-?
The traditional *leǵ- reconstruction remains widely represented, while published scholarship argues that the gather or collect root began with *s. The graph preserves both analyses.
Argument for *sleg-Argues that initial *s belongs in the reconstruction.
openchallengesproposed
Is *leǵ- the only published deepest root shape?
No. The traditional *leǵ- analysis remains widely represented, while a published *sleǵ- reconstruction challenges the initial consonant and cautions against a simple semantic tale.
Argument for *sleg-Publishes the competing initial-s reconstruction.
openchallengesproposed
Is *leǵ- the only published root shape behind intelligent?
No. The traditional *leǵ- analysis remains probable, while *sleǵ- is a published alternative. Neither reconstructed shape is treated as an attested word.
Argument for *sleg-Supplies the published alternative root shape.
opencontextproposed
Can Latin lēx and Germanic law converge at *legh-?
Possibly, but uncertain. American Heritage presents Latin lēx from *leǵ- as one analysis and separately allows a possible “laid down” route from *legh-.
Argument for *sleg- behind Latin lexDocuments the competing gather-root analysis already preserved for legal.
opencontextproposed
Did Latin lēx originally mean a “collection of rules”?
That semantic bridge and the deeper gather-root connection are plausible published analyses, not an uncontested fact. The root shape *leǵ- versus *sleǵ- is also disputed.
*sleg- argumentDiscusses the disputed deeper formation of Latin lex.
openchallengesproposed
Is *leǵ- the only published deepest root shape?
No. Latin legere is traditionally compared with *leǵ-, while *sleǵ- remains a published alternative.
Argument for *sleg-Publishes the competing initial-s reconstruction.
openchallengesproposed
Does Latin lēx securely descend from the gather root *leǵ-?
Not securely. A collection-of-rules bridge is plausible and published, but the direction, root shape, and precise cognates remain disputed.
Latin lex analysisPreserves uncertainty over root shape, direction, and cognates.
openchallengesproposed
Is the deepest root *leǵ- or *sleǵ-?
The traditional *leǵ- reconstruction remains widely represented, while published scholarship argues that the gather/collect root began with *s. The graph preserves both analyses.
argument for *sleg-Argues that initial *s belongs in the reconstruction.
openchallengesproposed
Is *leǵ- the only published deepest root shape?
No. The traditional *leǵ- analysis remains widely represented, while a published *sleǵ- reconstruction challenges the initial consonant.
Argument for *sleg-Publishes the competing initial-s reconstruction.
0316
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 49challengesproposed
λέγω → *leǵ-
Ancient Greek → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance
- SOUND
- Greek λέγω is traditionally derived from PIE *leǵ-; some scholarship argues that an initial *s should be reconstructed.
- MEANING
- The daughter evidence spans collecting and speaking, but the exact semantic path remains reconstructed.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- UT Austin LRC · IE-CoR · Kaczyńska
argument for *sleg-Argues that initial *s belongs in the reconstruction.
EDGE 50supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction limitsThe root shape itself remains disputed.
EDGE 55challengesproposed
lēx → *leǵ-
Latin → Proto-Indo-European · proposed inheritance
- SOUND
- Latin lēx has traditionally been connected with the gather / collect family; published work argues for a root with initial *s.
- MEANING
- A collection or selection of rules is a proposed semantic bridge, not an uncontested fact.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Kaczyńska · Indo-European lexicography
*sleg- argumentChallenges the traditional root shape and supplies an alternative.
EDGE 56supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction boundaryEDGE 60challengesprobable
legere → *leǵ-
Latin → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance
- SOUND
- Latin legere is traditionally assigned to the *leǵ- family; *sleǵ- remains a published alternative.
- MEANING
- Gathering and selecting extend into reading.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Indo-European lexicography
*sleg- argumentEDGE 61supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction boundaryEDGE 68supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction boundaryEDGE 75supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction boundaryEDGE 82supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
reconstruction boundaryEDGE 385supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No deeper ancestor is promoted beyond *leǵ-.
- MEANING
- The gathering, selection, and understanding path reaches its reviewed horizon.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- SET-U editorial boundary
Reconstruction boundaryThe root-shape dispute defines the reviewed stopping point.
EDGE 406supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- SET-U editorial boundary
Reconstruction boundarySupports withholding a single deeper ancestor beyond the disputed reconstruction.
EDGE 439supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
Reconstruction limitsThe live root-shape dispute warrants an explicit boundary.
EDGE 447supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
Reconstruction limitsThe live root-shape dispute warrants an explicit boundary.
EDGE 452supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
Reconstruction limitsThe live root-shape dispute warrants an explicit boundary.
EDGE 457supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops at the live reconstruction dispute.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
Reconstruction limitsThe disputed law-and-gather comparison warrants an explicit boundary.
EDGE 1032supportsboundary
*leǵ- → UNKNOWN
Proto-Indo-European → Beyond secure reconstruction · knowledge boundary
- SOUND
- No older form is promoted beyond the disputed reconstruction.
- MEANING
- The graph stops rather than laundering a contested root into certainty.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Open research boundary
Reconstruction limitsThe disagreement over the root shape defines the current evidence horizon.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
0611
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Uses Greek, Albanian, Indic, and Italic evidence to prefer *sleg- over the traditional *leg- reconstruction, preserving the family-level dispute.
Sections 1 and 6, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–13 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European linguistic horizon
Preserves the competing root shape and supports unresolved placement.
Argument for *sleg- · uncertainstage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Argues for *sleg- rather than *leg- behind the relevant Greek and Latin family, preserving the reconstruction dispute.
Sections 1 and 6, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–13 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European linguistic horizon
Preserves the competing root shape.
Argument for *sleg- · uncertainstage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Explains why Greek and Latin leg- may continue an earlier *sleg- root, preserving the competing initial-consonant analysis behind the reading family.
Sections 1 and 6, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–13 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Proposes *sleg- rather than traditional *leg- and analyzes Latin lēx as an inherited root noun related to gathering; SET-U retains this as a competing scholarly route.
Sections 1 and 6–7, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–14 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Supplies the competing *sleg- reconstruction behind Greek and Latin leg- forms; the stage therefore remains explicitly disputed.
Sections 1 and 6, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–13 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European linguistic horizon
Preserves the competing root shape and supports unresolved placement.
Argument for *sleg- · uncertainstage 1challenges
Indo-European linguistic horizons
Preserves the uncertainty around the law branch.
Latin lex analysis and *sleg- argument · uncertainstage 1challenges
Indo-European prehistory
Argues that the traditional *leg- reconstruction should instead be *sleg- on Greek, Albanian, Indic, and Italic evidence; the competing citation is why SET-U does not flatten the initial consonant question.
Sections 1 and 6–7, Habis 44 (2013), pp. 7–14 · approximatestage 1challenges
Indo-European linguistic horizon
Preserves the competing root shape and supports unresolved placement.
Argument for *sleg- · uncertain070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
0816
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
-logy3 CLAIM LINKS↗collect3 CLAIM LINKS↗dialogue4 CLAIM LINKS↗intellect3 CLAIM LINKS↗intelligence3 CLAIM LINKS↗intelligent4 CLAIM LINKS↗law1 CLAIM LINKS↗lecture3 CLAIM LINKS↗legal4 CLAIM LINKS↗legend3 CLAIM LINKS↗legible4 CLAIM LINKS↗legislation4 CLAIM LINKS↗lesson1 CLAIM LINKS↗logic5 CLAIM LINKS↗prologue4 CLAIM LINKS↗select1 CLAIM LINKS↗
28 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.