PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYwulfila-hatan
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
10 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
research databasewulfila-hatan
Lemma hatan — Gothic dictionary and occurrence inventory
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- research database
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
012
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 29GRADE Acontext
One Gothic hate verb survives once—in a command to do good to those who hate you.
Project Wulfila’s only verified hatjan token is hatjandam in Matthew 5:44, directly visible on Codex Argenteus folio 3v. A parallel “love your enemies” command in Luke 6:27 instead uses hatandans from class-III hatan. The translation gloss “hate” therefore hides a genuine grammatical and historical dispute.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatjanan → hatjan
Lemma hatan, two occurrence inventoryDocuments the distinct class-III corpus lemma.
hatjan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
RANK 31GRADE Asupports
Gothic’s two hate verbs trade places across two passages.
The complete surviving hatan corpus contains only hatandane in Luke 1:71 and hatandans in Luke 6:27. In Luke 1, fijandam supplies enemies while hatandane supplies those hating; in Luke 6, hatandans supplies enemies while fijandam supplies those hating. Both Codex Argenteus pages are directly inspected. The lexical swap—and the class-III versus class-I dispute—cannot be represented by one timeless translation arrow.
*ḱeh₂d-
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan → hatan
Lemma hatan and complete two-token inventoryBounds the claim to the current surviving corpus.
hatan dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
025
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opensupportsprobable
Are hatan and hatjan two Gothic verbs or one fluctuating paradigm?
The sources preserve different analytical levels. Project Wulfila gives separate class-III and class-I lemmas; Orel publishes distinct comparative formations. Braune says hatan fluctuates with class-I hatjan, while Sturtevant proposes a specifically Gothic secondary explanation.
Lemma hatan, sw.V.3Separates the class-III lemma.
opensupportsprobable
Are hatjan and hatan two Gothic verbs or one fluctuating paradigm?
The located scholarship does not collapse to one answer. Project Wulfila gives separate class-I and class-III lemmas; Orel publishes distinct Germanic formations. Braune says hatan fluctuates between class III and class I, and Wright lists both under the same gloss.
Lemma hatan, sw.V.3 and two occurrencesSeparates the class-III lemma.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is the infinitive hatan written in the surviving corpus?
No. The two surviving forms are hatandane and hatandans, both present participles. Hatan is the normalized dictionary citation form assigned by Project Wulfila and the historical grammars.
Lemma hatan and two-token occurrence inventoryDistinguishes the normalized lemma from both written participles.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Gothic preserve exactly two historical uses of hatan?
Project Wulfila currently reports exactly two surviving corpus tokens assigned to the lemma. That count does not include lost manuscripts, spoken Gothic, unrecognized variants, or every use in history.
Complete occurrence inventory: hatandane and hatandansDefines the exact bounded corpus count.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Do two surviving tokens prove hatan was rare in spoken Gothic?
No. They measure a bounded and fragmentary textual corpus, not ordinary speech, lost texts, genre distribution, or competition among Gothic hate verbs.
Two-token occurrence inventoryDefines what the surviving count actually measures.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1136supportsproposed
hatan → *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
Gothic → Proto-Germanic · competing inheritance
- SOUND
- On the inherited analysis, Gothic h and the hat- stem continue the Germanic forms Orel writes with x, while the Gothic class-III paradigm is compared with the reconstructed *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan alternation.
- MEANING
- The Germanic weak-verb family meaning hate continues in the two surviving Gothic participles, one of which is substantivized as enemies.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel · Project Wulfila editors
Lemma hatan, class sw.V.3 and two-token occurrence inventoryIdentifies the class-III Gothic lexeme and its complete current corpus count.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
051
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
hatan
Gothicthe class-III hate verb used in the parallel Luke 6:27 command
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 8context
Uppsala University Library
Connects the preserved object to the modern corpus research interface.
Current hatan lemma and complete two-token occurrence inventory · regional070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
082
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.