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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYkroonen-2013

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RECORD.

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scholarly dictionarykroonen-2013

Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Guus Kroonen
YEAR
2013
PUBLISHER
Brill
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
scholarly dictionary
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
7CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
7COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
3RANKED REVEALS
3DISPUTES
4JOURNEY STAGES
5WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
RANK 169GRADE Acontext

Romance is not the whole prehistory of love.

The reconstructed love family spans a wider comparative field of desire, care, pleasure, and longing. Modern romantic love is one powerful branch, not a one-word prehistoric definition.

*lewbʰ-

*lewbʰ- → *lubō → *lubu → lufu → love / luve → love

Germanic love family

Supplies the Germanic evidence that constrains, but does not exhaust, the deeper semantic reconstruction.

love dossier ↗truth record ↗85UNVEILING
RANK 195GRADE A-supports

German and English took different noun roads to love.

German Liebe follows Old High German liubî and reconstructed *leubīn; English love follows Old English lufu and *lubō. The graph joins them only at the deeper desire-and-care root.

*lewbʰ-

*lewbʰ- → *leubīn → liubī → liebe → Liebe

s.v. Germanic love family

Supplies the distinct Germanic comparison used by the English love dossier.

Liebe dossier ↗truth record ↗82UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
opencontextprobable

How wide was the PIE meaning?

“Love” is a convenient gloss, but daughter languages point to a field including desire, pleasure, approval, and care.

Germanic love family

Supplies the Germanic evidence that constrains—but does not exhaust—the deeper semantic reconstruction.

love dossier ↗dispute record ↗
resolvedcontextprobable

Did Dutch lief come from English love?

No. Dutch lief is an inherited Germanic adjective cognate with forms including Gothic liufs and German lieb; English love is a separate noun descendant in the same wider family.

s.v. *leubaz and *lubō

Separates the adjective and noun formations within the wider Germanic family.

lief dossier ↗dispute record ↗
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

7
EDGE 3supportsprobable

lufu → *lubu

Old English → Proto-West Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
West Germanic medial /b/ developed a fricative realization represented by Old English ⟨f⟩.
MEANING
The affective core remained stable.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Kroonen · comparative Germanic evidence
Germanic love family

Comparative reconstruction.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 4supportsprobable

*lubu → *lubō

Proto-West Germanic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
A regular West Germanic continuation with final-vowel and inflectional reshaping.
MEANING
The central sense remained stable.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Kroonen 2013
Germanic love family

Proto-Germanic reconstruction.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 284contextprobable

liubī → *leubīn

Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Old High German liubī reflects the reconstructed Germanic feminine abstract formation *leubīn, with inherited diphthong and later High German reshaping.
MEANING
The abstract meaning remains love, affection, esteem, or pleasure.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Rosemarie Lühr
s.v. Germanic love family

Provides independent comparative Germanic context for the love family.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 288contextprobable

lief → *leubaz

Middle Dutch → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Middle Dutch lief reflects the West Germanic continuation of reconstructed *leubaz, including the diphthong history represented by Dutch ie and final f.
MEANING
The adjective preserves the sense dear, beloved, or pleasing.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
N. van Wijk · Guus Kroonen
s.v. *leubaz, Germanic adjective family

Supplies the comparative Proto-Germanic reconstruction behind the daughter forms.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 289supportsprobable

*leubaz → *lewbʰ-

Proto-Germanic → Proto-Indo-European · inheritance

SOUND
Proto-Germanic *leubaz continues the *lewbʰ- family with Germanic *b corresponding to Indo-European *bʰ and adjective-stem formation.
MEANING
A broad field of caring, desiring, and loving develops the adjective sense dear, beloved, or pleasing.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Guus Kroonen · University of Texas LRC
s.v. *leubaz and the Germanic love family

Provides the reconstructed Germanic adjective and comparative reflexes.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 291contextprobable

liufs → *leubaz

Gothic → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Proto-Germanic *eu is reflected as Gothic iu; the stem-final fricative appears as f in the normalized nominative liufs and as b in manuscript inflections such as liuba and liubans.
MEANING
The sense dear or beloved remains stable in the surviving biblical uses.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Guus Kroonen · Wilhelm Streitberg · Project Wulfila editors
s.v. *leubaz, Gothic liufs

Supplies the reconstructed Germanic parent of the Gothic adjective.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 296supportsprobable

liob → *leubaz

Old High German → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Old High German liob reflects the West Germanic continuation of reconstructed *leubaz, with the inherited diphthong and consonant represented in the daughter form.
MEANING
The adjective preserves the sense dear, beloved, or pleasing.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Dudenredaktion · Guus Kroonen
s.v. *leubaz, German lieb and Germanic adjective reflexes

Places German lieb and its Old High German history in the reconstructed Germanic adjective family.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

0
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

7
Liebe

love

English

cognate through a different Germanic abstract-noun branch

lieb

love

English

distant noun cousin through the shared desire-and-care root

lief

love

English

distant inherited cousin through the shared desire-and-care root

liufs

love

English

distant noun cousin through the shared desire-and-care root

love

Liebe

German

Germanic cousin

love

lief

Dutch

Germanic cousin

love

liufs

Gothic

early Germanic cousin

06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

4
stage 2supports

Proto-Germanic speech community

Supplies the reconstructed Proto-Germanic love noun used for this linguistic stage. The geographic point has been removed because this lexical source does not establish one precise location.

love→Proto-Germanic prehistory
s.v. *lubō, Germanic love noun · broad
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

5
lieb4 CLAIM LINKS↗Liebe4 CLAIM LINKS↗lief6 CLAIM LINKS↗liufs4 CLAIM LINKS↗love8 CLAIM LINKS↗

9 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.