PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYcleasby-vigfusson-fja
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
16 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionarycleasby-vigfusson-fja
An Icelandic-English Dictionary — fjá
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon
- YEAR
- 1874
- PUBLISHER
- Clarendon Press · digital transcription
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 42GRADE Asupports
The ordinary Old Norse enemy outlived the finite hate verb behind it.
ONP classifies fjá as poetic and exposes no prose citations. Cleasby, Fritzner, and Lexicon Poeticum converge on three Eddic contexts, while normalized texts preserve active fjá, finite fíár, and reflexive fiásk. Cleasby then points to fjándi as the participial relative that remained across Germanic. ONP gives that separate enemy noun 222 prose citations and a large semantic range. The two corpus totals are not directly frequency-comparable, and neither proves an exact extinction event; together they reveal the asymmetry between a tiny finite-verb record and the prolific lexicalized enemy branch.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → fía → fjá
Hým. 22; Ls. 35; reflexive Skm. 33; participle survives in fjándiSupplies the three-location verb record and the surviving participial branch.
fjá dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
029
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
opencontextprobable
Are there exactly three surviving Old Norse uses?
Three is the count in the reviewed public Lexicon Poeticum surface and matches the three locations in Cleasby and Fritzner, but it is not presented as a census of every lost or surviving utterance.
Hým. 22; Ls. 35; reflexive Skm. 33Supplies the same three-location structure from a historical dictionary.
opensupportsestablished
What is the exact earliest surviving fjá token?
Not established here. The reviewed sources supply poem and stanza locations but no directly inspected manuscript object, exact composition date, or uncontested first-use year.
Three poem and stanza locations without manuscript-object evidenceProvides locators but no exact first object or year.
opensupportsestablished
Was fjá obsolete at one exact medieval date?
No. Cleasby calls the word obsolete from a nineteenth-century lexicographic perspective, but the reviewed record does not identify a last speaker or extinction year.
fjá entry: an obsolete wordSupplies the lexicographic label without a dated extinction event.
opencontextprobable
Can the exact pronunciation and path into fjá be recovered?
Not completely. Vowel quantity, optional glide, contraction, surface variation, and poetic normalization belong to historical analysis rather than recorded audio.
fjá entry and comparative formsSupplies normalized shapes and historical comparison.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Was Old Norse fjá a verb?
Yes. ONP classifies it as a poetic verb; Cleasby, Zoëga, and Fritzner all gloss it as hate and document finite or reflexive grammar.
fjá entry: to hate; reflexive fjáskSupplies the active and reflexive verb grammar.
resolvedcontextprobable
Is fíár in Lokasenna 35 a form of this verb?
Yes in the reviewed normalized text and historical dictionaries: þann er mangi fíár means the one whom no one hates.
Ls. 35Independently assigns this stanza to the verb.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is fjándi simply another finite form of fjá?
No. Cleasby identifies fjándi as the surviving participial relative, and the separate ONP dossier classifies it as a masculine noun with 222 prose citations.
Participle remains; compare fjándiPublishes the grammatical relationship and lexical survival.
resolvedsupportsprobable
Was fjá borrowed from Gothic fijan, Old English feon, or Old High German fīēn?
No daughter-to-daughter borrowing is established. The dictionaries compare them, and Kroonen places them under a reconstructed Germanic verb.
Comparative header: Gothic fijan and Old English feon or fjanPublishes collateral daughter forms.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Is the possible runic inscription shown on modern dictionary pages a historical attestation?
No. It is a generated transliteration widget, not a cited inscription, object, shelfmark, or manuscript record.
Modern page widget: possible runic inscriptionShows the generated display lacks a historical object citation.
031
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1220supportsprobable
fía → *fi(j)ēn-
Old Norse → Proto-Germanic · inheritance
- SOUND
- Old Norse fía and fjá continue the reconstructed Germanic fi(j)- verb after North Germanic vowel, glide, contraction, ending, and inflectional developments. The attested surfaces are not treated as one mechanically complete sound law.
- MEANING
- The inherited hate or hostility verb remains finite in three poetic contexts; the reflexive fiásk marks a syntactic development rather than a separate ancestral lexeme.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors · Richard Cleasby · Guðbrandur Vigfússon · Guus Kroonen
fjá entry: Gothic fijan, Old English feon or fjan, and three Eddic locationsPublishes the cross-Germanic comparison and the finite and reflexive Old Norse evidence.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
053
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
062
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4context
Old Norse poetic transmission
Independently locates fjá in the poem.
Hým. 22 · broadstage 6context
Old Norse poetic transmission
Independently classifies the reflexive under the verb.
Skm. 33, reflexive fjásk · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.