PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYahd-muscle
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
9 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
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historical dictionaryahd-muscle
Muscle — Word History
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- HarperCollins
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
010
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No ranked contrarian reveal currently cites this source.
022
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedcontextestablished
Is musculus really a “little mouse”?
Latin musculus is morphologically the diminutive of mūs “mouse.”
Latin musculus from mūsIndependently reports the same morphological analysis.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Did anatomical muscle reach English through French?
The anatomical English word passed through Middle English and Old French from Latin musculus.
Middle English and Old French ancestryDocuments the French channel into anatomical English muscle.
034
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 101supportsestablished
muscle → muscle
Present-Day English → Middle English · continuation
- SOUND
- Middle English muscle continued into modern English with regular orthographic and phonological development.
- MEANING
- The anatomical meaning remained central and later extended to strength and coercive power.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster · American Heritage editors
Word HistoryEDGE 102supportsestablished
muscle → muscle
Middle English → Old French · borrowing
- SOUND
- Middle English muscle borrowed the Old French form with English pronunciation and spelling adaptation.
- MEANING
- The anatomical name remained a muscle term.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary editors
Middle English and Old French ancestryEDGE 103supportsestablished
muscle → musculus
Old French → Latin · borrowing
- SOUND
- Old French muscle continues Latin musculus through the Romance transmission channel.
- MEANING
- The Latin anatomical name remained a muscle term.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary editors
Old French from Latin musculusEDGE 104supportsestablished
musculus → mūs
Latin → Latin · diminutive derivation
- SOUND
- Latin musculus is the diminutive formation built from mūs with the suffix -culus.
- MEANING
- “Little mouse” named a muscle and also supplied a Latin name for the mussel; the anatomical resemblance mechanism is not fixed here.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage · Merriam-Webster editors
Latin musculus from mūs040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
051
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
muscle
FrenchRomance continuation of Latin musculus
062
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 2supports
Old French anatomical muscle
Traces anatomical muscle through Old French muscle from Latin musculus, supporting the transmission language without a fabricated point location.
Etymology: Middle English, Old French, and Latin chain · broadstage 3supports
Middle English anatomical muscle
Documents the anatomical Middle English borrowing through Old French muscle.
Etymology: Middle English from Old French · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
4 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.