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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYliberman-2018-hatred-1

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scholarly essayliberman-2018-hatred-1

The shortest history of hatred: Part 1

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Anatoly Liberman
YEAR
2018
PUBLISHER
Oxford University Press
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
scholarly essay
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
1CANONICAL EDGES
0WITNESSES
0COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
0RANKED REVEALS
0DISPUTES
1JOURNEY STAGES
1WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

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CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

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EDGE 1084contextestablished

hatred → hatrede / hatreden / hateredyn

Present-Day English → Middle English · historical continuation

SOUND
Middle English hatrede / hatreden loses the final suffixal syllable while the reduced -red spelling and /rɪd/ pronunciation become fixed in modern English.
MEANING
The medieval state or condition of hate continues as intense animosity, hostility, or extreme dislike; countable hatreds later names particular hostilities.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Anatoly Liberman
Final paragraph: -red “condition” and hatred displacing Middle English hete

Explains the fossilized suffix and lexical competition.

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COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

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06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
stage 5context

Global English

Explains the relic status in modern English.

hatred→hatred
Final paragraph: unproductive -red and competition with hate · global
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NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

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No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

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hatred2 CLAIM LINKS↗

1 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.