PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYahd-logy
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
12 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
historical dictionaryahd-logy
American Heritage Dictionary: -logy or -ology
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- YEAR
- 2022
- PUBLISHER
- HarperCollins
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- historical dictionary
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 17GRADE Asupports
-logy never simply meant “the study of.”
The bound form’s recorded range includes expression and discourse as well as doctrine, theory, science, and study. Its trail reaches Greek logos—word, speech, account, reckoning, reason—rather than a prehistoric word meaning “science.”
*leǵ-
*leǵ- → λέγω → λόγος → -λογία → -logia → -logie → -logie → -logy
Definitions and bracketed etymologyIndependently preserves discourse or expression beside science, theory, or study and supplies the complete transmission route.
-logy dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
022
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does -logy simply mean “the study of”?
No. Merriam-Webster gives oral or written expression as one sense and doctrine, theory, or science as another; American Heritage separately gives discourse or expression and science, theory, or study. “Study of” is a useful reading in many formations, not a universal historical definition.
Definitions 1–2Independently publishes discourse or expression beside science, theory, or study.
resolvedsupportsestablished
Are -logy and -logue interchangeable endings?
No. They are relatives in the Greek logos and legein family, but English -logy follows -logie, Latin -logia, and Greek -logiā, while prologue follows Greek prologos through Latin prologus and French prologue. Related ancestry does not erase distinct formations and transmission paths.
Greek -logiā and -logos source channelsPublishes related but morphologically distinct Greek formations.
035
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
EDGE 1025supportsestablished
-logy → -logie
Present-Day English → Middle English · historical continuation
- SOUND
- Middle English -logie is continued by modern English -logy with spelling and pronunciation adapted to later English patterns.
- MEANING
- The learned form remains productive across expression, discourse, doctrine, theory, science, and study senses rather than narrowing to one universal gloss.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Merriam-Webster Editors
-logy or -ology: Middle English -logiePublishes the Middle English form behind the current suffix or combining form.
EDGE 1026supportsestablished
-logie → -logie
Middle English → Old French · borrowing
- SOUND
- Middle English -logie borrows the formally matching Old French learned element.
- MEANING
- The discourse or learned-account function continues within borrowed formations.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Middle English -logie, from Old FrenchPublishes the French-to-Middle-English route.
EDGE 1027supportsestablished
-logie → -logia
Old French → Latin · borrowing
- SOUND
- Old French -logie continues Latin -logia with Romance phonological and orthographic adaptation.
- MEANING
- The learned noun-forming function remains associated with accounts and organized subjects.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Old French, from Latin -logiaPublishes the Latin-to-French route.
EDGE 1028supportsestablished
-logia → -λογία
Latin → Ancient Greek · borrowing
- SOUND
- Latin -logia borrows and transliterates Greek -logiā.
- MEANING
- A Greek formation in the speaking and account family becomes a reusable learned Latin element.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Merriam-Webster Editors
Latin -logia, from Greek -logiāPublishes the Greek-to-Latin route.
EDGE 1029supportsestablished
-λογία → λόγος
Ancient Greek → Ancient Greek · derivation
- SOUND
- Greek -logiā is formed in the logos family; American Heritage also records -logos formations as a contributing channel.
- MEANING
- Word, speech, and discourse support account-of-a-subject formations; “science” is a later specialization, not the only Greek value.
- SCHOLAR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors · Ancient Greek lexicography
Greek -logiā from logos “word, speech”; and -logos from legeinPublishes the Greek morphological family and the related -logos channel.
040
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
No lexical witness currently cites this source.
050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
064
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 1supports
Ancient Greek linguistic record
Publishes the Greek morphological family.
Greek -logiā from logos; -logos from legein · regionalstage 2supports
Latin learned networks
Publishes the Latin transmission stage.
Latin -logia · broadstage 3supports
Northern France
Publishes the Old French stage.
Old French -logie · regionalstage 4supports
England
Publishes the Middle English form.
Middle English -logie · regional070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE
DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE
5 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.