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BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYmw-dough

SOURCE
RECORD.

One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.

CLAIM-LEVEL USAGE

7 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.

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historical dictionarymw-dough

Dough — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use

AUTHOR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors
YEAR
2026
PUBLISHER
Merriam-Webster
DOI
Not recorded
SOURCE TYPE
historical dictionary
EXTERNAL RECORD
OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
3CANONICAL EDGES
1WITNESSES
0COMPARISONS
0CONTEXT LINKS
1RANKED REVEALS
0DISPUTES
2JOURNEY STAGES
1WORD DOSSIERS
01

CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS

RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

1
RANK 127GRADE Acontext

Dough and lady are deep cousins.

Germanic *daigaz, dough, and *dīg-, the kneading branch inside lady, meet at *dheigh-, to form or build.

*dheig̑h-

*dheig̑h- → *dheigh- → *dhoigh-o- → *daigaz → dāg → dogh → dough

Germanic *daiga- and knead or shape base

Adds the detailed dough formation.

dough dossier ↗truth record ↗86UNVEILING
02

SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT

DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

0
No scholarly dispute currently cites this source.
03

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS

EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

3
EDGE 926supportsestablished

dough → dogh

Present-Day English → Middle English · continuation

SOUND
Middle English dogh develops into modern dough with later spelling stabilization while the inherited vowel history produces /oʊ/.
MEANING
The kneadable flour mass remains the lexical center; money is a later slang extension.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Etymology and First Known Use

Publishes the Middle English forms and pre-twelfth-century horizon.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 927supportsestablished

dogh → dāg

Middle English → Old English · continuation

SOUND
Middle English dogh continues Old English dāg through the recorded English sound and spelling history.
MEANING
The dough meaning is retained.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Etymology: Middle English dogh from Old English dāg

Publishes the recorded English continuity.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
EDGE 928supportsestablished

dāg → *daigaz

Old English → Proto-Germanic · inheritance

SOUND
Old English dāg reflects reconstructed Proto-Germanic *daigaz.
MEANING
The kneadable mass meaning continues in the Germanic noun family.
SCHOLAR / EDITOR
Merriam-Webster Editors · Calvert Watkins and American Heritage Dictionary Editors
Etymology: Old English dāg from Germanic *daiga-

Publishes the Germanic reconstruction.

OPEN THE PERMANENT CLAIM ↗
04

LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS

WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE

1
doughSOURCE-REPORTED

dough

Merriam-Webster first-known-use report for dough

OPEN WITNESS 193 ↗
05

COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE

COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES

0
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
06

GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS

JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE

2
07

NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE

0
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
08

WORD-FAMILY REUSE

DOSSIERS THAT DEPEND ON THIS SOURCE

1
dough7 CLAIM LINKS↗

3 entry-scoped citations map reviewed dossier paths onto the canonical claims above.