*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

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A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedPresent-Day English · before the 12th century–today · kneadable flour mass

dough

a kneadable flour-and-liquid mixture

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DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedMiddle English · Middle English · dough mass

dogh

dough

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01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Middle English dogh develops into modern dough with later spelling stabilization while the inherited vowel history produces /oʊ/.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The kneadable flour mass remains the lexical center; money is a later slang extension.

CHRONOLOGY

Recorded before the twelfth century in English.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors

CONFIDENCE

established — no additional confidence note is attached.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
Dough — Definition, Word History, and First Known UseEtymology and First Known Use

Publishes the Middle English forms and pre-twelfth-century horizon.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
S02
Dough — American Heritage DictionaryMiddle English dogh from Old English dāg

Independently confirms the inherited English history.

contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS

RELATION / 824dough

dough → dogh

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