The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 154

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Page 154 of 180

rift

From Middle English rift, of North Germanic origin; akin to Danish rift, Norwegian Bokmål rift (“breach”), Old Norse rífa (“to tear”). More at rive.

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

rifty

From rift + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

From Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian rigge (“to bind up; wrap around; rig; equip”), Swedish dialectal rigga (“to rig a horse”), Faroese rigga (“to rig; to equip and fit; t

4 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

rigat

Italian ricotta via Neapolitan

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rigg

From Middle English ryg, ryge (“storm”), from or related to Old Norse hregg (“storm and rain”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

right

From Middle English reȝt, right, righte, riht, riȝt, riȝte, ryght, ryȝt, from Old English reht, reoht, rieht, riht, ryht (“right,” also the word for “straight” and “direct”), from Proto-West Germanic *reht, from Proto-Ge

4 source sections · 55 relationship mentions

rigid

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Hreyǵ-der. Proto-Italic *rigēō Latin rigeō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin rigidusder. Middle English rigide English rigid From Middle English rig

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

rigol

From Middle English rigol, from Middle French rigole. Doublet of rail, regal, regula, and rule.

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

rigor

From Old French, from Latin rigor (“stiffness, rigidity, rigor, cold, harshness”), from rigere (“to be rigid”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

rigot

Italian ricotta via Neapolitan

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rike

Results from the difficulty of pronouncing the phoneme /l/ for L1 speakers of many Far East languages.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rile

From a dialectal pronunciation of roil.

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rilek

Borrowed from Malay rilek, in turn from English relax.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rill

From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

rille

Borrowed from German Rille (“channel”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rim

Etymology tree Old English rima Middle English rim English rim From Middle English rim, rym, rime, from Old English rima (“rim, edge, border, bank, coast”), from Proto-Germanic *rimô, *rembô (“edge, border”), possibly fr

4 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

rima

Borrowing from Latin rīma (“a cleft, crack, fissure, chink”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rime

The noun is derived from Middle English rim, rime, rym, ryme (“hoar frost; rime”), from Old English hrīm (“frost”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrīm (“rime; hoar frost”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīmą (North Germanic), *hrīma

6 source sections · 49 relationship mentions

rimed

From rime (etymology 1) + -ed (suffix forming possessional adjectives, and past tense and past participle forms of regular verbs).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rimer

Etymology tree English rime Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós P

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

rimu

Borrowed from Māori rimu. Doublet of limu, from Hawaiian limu, which comes from the same source.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rimy

Etymology tree English rime Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English rimy From rime + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rin

From Middle English rinnen, from Old English rinnan (“to run”), from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”). More at run.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

rind

From Middle English rind, rinde, from Old English rind and rinde (“treebark, crust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rindā, from Proto-Germanic *rindō, *rindǭ (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest,

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

rindy

From rind + -y.

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rine

From Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrīnan, from Proto-Germanic *hrīnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to strip, touch”).

3 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to tu

5 source sections · 47 relationship mentions

ringy

From ring + -y (adjectival suffix).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rink

From Middle English rink, renk, from Old English rinc (“man, warrior, hero”), from Proto-Germanic *rankiz (“upright man”), from *rankaz (“straight, upright”), from Proto-Indo-European *reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate

3 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

rinse

From Middle English rinsen, rincen, rencen (“to rinse”), from Old French rincier, reinser, Old Northern French raïncer (“to rinse, cleanse”). Of contested origin. Possibly from Old Norse hreinsa, from Proto-Germanic *hra

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

rinzu

Borrowed from Japanese 綸子.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

riot

From Middle English riot (“debauched living, dissipation”), from Old French riote (“debate”), from rioter (“to quarrel”), perhaps related to riboter or from Latin rugio (“to roar”). Compare French riotte and Occitan riòt

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

rip

From Middle English rippen, from earlier ryppen (“to pluck”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rupjaną and/or *ruppōną, intensive of *raupijaną, causative of Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break”). Possible doublet of r

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

ripe

From Middle English ripe, rype, from Old English rīpe (“ripe, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīpī, from Proto-Germanic *rīpijaz, *rīpiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyb- (“to snatch”). Cognate with West Frisian ryp

3 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

ripen

From Middle English *ripenen, extended form of ripen, from Old English rīpian. In the modern form, equivalent to ripe + -en (inchoative and factitive suffix). As in several other verbs, the alteration seems to have occur

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

ripon

After the city of Ripon, famous for their manufacture.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rippy

From rip + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

riq

From Arabic رِقّ (riqq).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

riq'a

Borrowed from Arabic رُقْعَة (ruqʕa).

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rise

From Middle English risen, from Old English rīsan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, from Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-In

2 source sections · 37 relationship mentions

risel

Related to rise (“a twig”).

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risen

Morphologically rise + -n.

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riser

From Middle English ryser, risere, equivalent to rise + -er.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

rishi

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛ́ṣi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥šíš (whence Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬴𐬌𐬴 (ərəṣ̌iṣ̌, “seer”)), probably related to अर्षति (árṣati, “to flow, pour”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

risk

Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re- Proto-Indo-European *sek- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *sékh₁yeti Proto-Italic *sekaō Latin seco Latin resecōdeverb. Vulgar Latin *resecum Old Italian riscobo

1 source section · 16 relationship mentions

risky

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risp

From Middle English rispen, from Old Norse rispa (“scratch”), from Proto-Germanic *ripsōną (“to rend; rip; tear open”), from Proto-Indo-European *reyb- (“to tear; snatch; pluck; reap”). Compare also Old Norse rifsa (“to

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

rit

From Middle English ritten (“to cut, score, slit, tear”), from Old English *rittan (“to cut, score, slit, tear,”) (compare Old High German rizzen), from Proto-West Germanic *rittjan, from Proto-Germanic *ritjaną (“to cut

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

rite

Via Middle English and Old French, from Latin ritus.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

rith

From Middle English rīth (“a small stream”), rithe, from Old English rīþ m (“a small stream”), rīþe f, from Proto-West Germanic *rīþ, from Proto-Germanic *rīþaz, *rīþǭ (“stream, beck, brook”), from Proto-Indo-European *h

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

rito

From New Mexico and Colorado Spanish rito, from Spanish río + -ito.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ritsu

From Japanese 律 (ritsu).

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ritz

Back-formation from ritzy.

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ritzy

From the Ritz Hotels of New York, London, etc (now Ritz-Carlton Hotels) + -y, from Ritz hotel founder César Ritz, from southern Switzerland. For the surname see Ritz. Compare English glitzy.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

riv'n

Contraction of riven.

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rival

Learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis (literally “person using the same stream as another”). By surface analysis, Latin rīvus + -al.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

rive

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- Proto-Germanic *rīfaną Old Norse rífabor. Middle English riven English rive From Middle English riven (“to rive”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

rivel

From Middle English rivelen, from Old English rifelan, riflian (“to wrinkle”), from a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *ribjōną (“to wrap; wind; roll; twist; coil”), equivalent to rive + -el (frequentative suffix). R

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

riven

From Middle English riven, past participle of rive (“to rive”). Compare Old Norse rifinn, past participle of Old Norse rífa (“to pick, scratch, rive”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

river

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- Proto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂ Proto-Italic *reipā Latin rīpa Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

rivet

From Old French rivet (13th century), from the verb Old French river (“to fetter [a person]”) (12th century), from Old French rive (“rim, edge”) (ca. 1100), which is ultimately from Latin ripa (“riverbank”). Compare rive

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

rivo

Perhaps from Spanish arriba (“up”).

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rixy

From Latin rixa + -y.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

riyal

From Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of ariary, real, regal, and royal.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

riyaz

From Urdu ریاض f (riyāz).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

riyo

From Japanese 両 (ryō).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rizla

From the Rizla+ brand of rolling papers, coined in 1886 from French riz (“rice”) and Lacroix, referring to the use of rice paper and the inventor's family name.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

rizom

Perhaps related to "rhizome"?

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rizz

Coined by the American Twitch streamer and YouTuber Kai Cenat (born 2001), or one of his close friends, around May 2021 and popularized on TikTok in 2022. Rizz further increased in prominence throughout 2023 and was chos

3 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

rizzy

Apparently from rizz + -y.

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rng

From ring, with i dropped to suggest the absence of the identity element.

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roach

From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”), from Old Saxon *rūh, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”). Cognate with Old English ruhha ("a ray"; > Middle

4 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

road

From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”).

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

roam

From Middle English romen, from Old English rāmian, from Proto-Germanic *raimōną (“to wander”), from *raim- (“to move, raise”), from *h₃reyH- (“to move, lift, flow”). Akin to Old English ārǣman (“to arise, stand up, lift

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

roan

From Middle French roan, probably from Spanish roano, from Old Spanish raudano, itself probably of Germanic origin (compare Gothic *𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*raudan), accusative of 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs, “red”). Compare rowan.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

roar

From Middle English roren, raren, from Old English rārian (“to roar; wail; lament”), from Proto-West Germanic *rairōn, from Proto-Germanic *rairōną (“to bellow; roar”), from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to shout; bellow;

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

roary

From roar + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roast

From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrew

1 source section · 12 relationship mentions

rob

From Middle English robben, from Anglo-Norman robber, from Late Latin raubāre, from Frankish *raubōn (compare Dutch roven) and Old High German roubōn, raubōn (“to rob, steal, plunder”), from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doub

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

robe

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *

2 source sections · 24 relationship mentions

robed

Etymology tree English robe Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Old English -ed Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz Old English -od Mi

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rober

From robe + -er.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

robi-

Blend of ronna- + binary.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

robin

Short for robin redbreast. Also from Middle English robynet, robynett (“robin (bird)”), from the Middle English name Robynett, a diminutive of the Middle English name Robyn (“Robin”). ] ]

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

roble

Borrowed from Spanish roble.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

robo-

From robot (borrowed from Czech and Slovak robota.)

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

robot

From German Robot, from a West Slavic language, ultimately related to Etymology 2, below.

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

roc

From Spanish rocho, ruc, from Arabic رُخّ (ruḵḵ), from Classical Persian رُخ (rux).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

roche

From Middle English roche; compare English rock and roach, as well as Old French roche.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rock

Etymology tree Medieval Latin roccabor.? Old English *rocc Early Medieval Latin rocca Anglo-Norman roquebor. Middle English rokke English rock Inherited from Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old Engli

5 source sections · 26 relationship mentions

rocky

From Middle English rokki, rokky (“rocky”), from rok, rokke (“rock; a rock or stone; large rock by a coast or in the sea; rocky outcrop on a mountain, cliff; castle, citadel, stronghold”) [and other forms] + -i (suffix f

3 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

rod

Etymology tree Old English *rodd Middle English rodde English rod From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

roddy

From rod + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rodeo

From Spanish rodeo, from rodear (“to surround”), which refers to a cattle roundup.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

roe

From Middle English rowe, rowne, roun, rawne, from Old English *hrogn (“spawn, fish eggs, roe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrugnaz, *hrugną (“spawn, roe”), from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“(frog) spawn”). Cognate with Dutch

2 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

roed

From roe + -ed.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roex

Short for rounded exponential.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rog

Inherited from Middle English roggen, ruggen, variation of rokken (“to rock”), from Old English roccian.

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

roger

From Roger, used circa 1940 in UK and US military communication to represent "R" when spelling out a word. "R" is the first letter in received, used to acknowledge understanding a message. "Roger" for "received" was in s

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

rogs

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rogue

Uncertain. From either: * Earlier English roger (“a begging vagabond who pretends to be a poor scholar from Oxford or Cambridge”), possibly from Latin rogō (“to ask”). * Middle French rogue (“arrogant, haughty”), from Ol

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

rohe

Borrowed from Māori rohe.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rohu

From Hindi रोहू (rohū), from Sanskrit रोहित (rohita, “reddish”), due to the reddish tint of the fish's fins.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

roil

Origin uncertain. Possibly from French or Middle French rouiller (“to rust, make muddy”), from Old French rouil (“mud, rust”), from Vulgar Latin *robicula, from Latin robigo (“rust, blight”)

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

roily

From roil + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roin

From Anglo-Norman runger, ultimately of imitative origin.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rojak

From Dutch roedjak, from Javanese ꦫꦸꦗꦏ꧀ (rujak), from Old Javanese rujak.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

roji

露地, literally "dewy ground".

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roke

From Middle English roke (“fog, vapour, cloud”), probably from Old Norse roka ("whirlwind, fine spray"; compare Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”)), reinforced later by Middle Dutch roke, rooc (“smoke”), from Old Dutch rouc (

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

roko

Shortened from Hindi रास्ता रोको (rāstā roko, literally “obstruct the road”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

roky

From roke + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rolag

From Scottish Gaelic roileag (compare roll).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

role

From French rôle, from Middle French rolle, from Old French role, from Medieval Latin rotulus. Doublet of roll and rotulus.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

roled

From role + -ed.

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rolex

Blend of rolled + eggs. The name rolex comes from its method of preparation, with the chapati and the egg omelette rolled together.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rolf

From Ida Pauline Rolf.

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roll

From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from An

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

rolly

From roll + -y. Compare older roly-poly.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

romal

Borrowed from Spanish ramal, from Latin ramus (“branch”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

roman

From Roman.

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romp

Probably a variant of ramp.

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rompu

Borrowed from French rompu, past participle of rompre to break, Latin rumpō. See rupture.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rompy

From romp + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ron

Shortening of a corrupted pronunciation of heroin, pronounced /ˈheir.rɒn/.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rona

A clipping of corona, itself a clipping of coronavirus.

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ronde

French [Term?]

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rondo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rondò, itself an unadapted borrowing of French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau; see there for further etymology.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

ronin

From Japanese 浪人 (rōnin), in turn from Middle Chinese 浪人 (MC langH nyin, “dissolute, wasteful, unrestrained + person”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ronko

From the Limba word hu-ronko.

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roo

From Middle English roo, ro, from Old English rō, rōw (“quietness, quiet, rest”), from Proto-Germanic *rōō (“quiet, rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”). Cognate with Scots ro, ruve (“peace, repos

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

rood

From Middle English rode, rood (“cross”), from Old English rōd (“cross”), from Proto-Germanic *rōdō, *rōdǭ (“rod, pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *rōt-, *reh₁t- (“bar, beam, stem”). Cognate with German Rute (“rod, cane,

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

roof

From Middle English rhof, rof, roof, rooff, rufe, ruffe, from Old English hrōf (“roof; heaven, sky”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrōf, from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrapo- (“roof”), from *

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

roofs

From Middle English rofes, equivalent to roof + -s without voicing, first appearing in print in the 14th century. Displaced rooves as the standard plural in the early 17th century.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention

roofy

From roof + -y.

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rook

* Inherited from Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Prot

4 source sections · 26 relationship mentions

rooky

Etymology tree English rook Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English rooky From rook + -y.

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room

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-? Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH-der. Proto-Germanic *rūmą Proto-West Germanic *rūm Old English rūm Middle English roum English room From Middle English roum (“room, space”), from O

4 source sections · 72 relationship mentions

roomf

Blend of roommate + OOMF (“one of my followers”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

roomy

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

roop

From Middle English ropen (“to cry out”), from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to call, shout, cry”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

roopy

From roop (“a shout”) + -y.

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roose

From Middle English rosen (“to boast”), from Old Norse hrósa (“to boast; praise”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōþsōną, from *hrōþaz, *hrōþiz (“fame; glory; praise”). Cognate with Icelandic hrósa, Danish rose, Swedish rosa.

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

roost

From Middle English roste (“chicken's roost; perch”), from Old English hrōst (“wooden framework of a roof; roost”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrōst, from Proto-Germanic *hrōstaz (“wooden framework; grill”); see *raustija

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

root

PIE word *wréh₂ds From Middle English rote, root, roote (“the underground part of a plant”), from late Old English rōt, from Old Norse rót (“root”), from Proto-Germanic *wrōts (“root”), from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds

4 source sections · 25 relationship mentions

rooty

From root + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ropax

Short for roll-on roll-off passenger. See RORO and pax.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rope

From Middle English rop, rope, from Old English rāp (“rope, cord, cable”), from Proto-West Germanic *raip, from Proto-Germanic *raipaz, *raipą (“rope, cord, band, ringlet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roypnós (“strap, b

3 source sections · 18 relationship mentions

roper

From Middle English roper, ropere; equivalent to rope + -er.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ropes

In the sense of skills, a now figurative use that originally referred to literal ropes. The phrase “he knows the ropes” written on a seaman’s discharge meant that he was inexperienced and only familiar with a ship’s prin

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

ropy

From Middle English ropy, from Middle English rop + -y, equivalent to rope + -y.

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

roque

Coined 1899 by removing the first and last letters from croquet.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roral

From Latin rōs, rōris (“dew”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rore

Borrowed from Latin rōs, rōris (“dew, moisture”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

roric

From Latin ros, roris (“dew”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rorid

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁rṓs Proto-Italic *rōs Latin rōs Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin rōridusder. English rorid From Latin rōridus, from rōs, rōris (“dew”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

rort

Probably a back-formation from rorty (“boisterous or rowdy, saucy, dissipated, or risqué”). Originally slang but now in common usage.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rorty

19th century UK. Unknown etymology. Farmer (1903) categorises the term as costermongers' slang.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rory

From Latin rōs / rōris (“dew”).

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rosa

Believed to derive from the name of the Australian native bird rosella (genus Platycercus), a small parrot noted for its ability to vanish when the need arises.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rosc

Learned borrowing from Irish rosc (“rhetorical composition”), from Old Irish rosc (“short poem, ode”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rose

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. cognates and more remote and uncertain etymology The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likel

4 source sections · 39 relationship mentions

rosen

From Middle English rosen (“made of roses; rosy”), from Old English rōsen (“of roses; rosy”), equivalent to rose + -en.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

roshi

Borrowed from Japanese 老師 (rōshi).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rosid

From translingual Rosa (“genus name”) + -id.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rosie

From rose + -ie.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rosin

From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. Doublet of resin.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

ross

From Welsh rhos.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rosy

From Middle English rosy; equivalent to rose + -y.

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

rosé

Borrowed from French rosé (“pinkish”). Doublet of roseate.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rot

Inherited from Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”).

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

rota

Borrowed from Latin rota (“wheel”). Doublet of rotor and ruote.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

rotal

From Latin rotālis (“wheeled, turning”), from rota (“wheel”) + -ālis (“-al”, forming adjectives). In reference to motion, under the influence of earlier rotary.

3 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

rotan

Borrowed from Malay rotan (“cane”), doublet of rattan.

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

rote

From Middle English rote (“custom, habit, wont, condition, state”), further origin unknown. Found in the Middle English phrase bi rote (“by heart, according to form, expertly”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

roti

From Hindi रोटी (roṭī)/Urdu روٹی (roṭī), from Sanskrit रोटिका (roṭikā, “bread”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

rotl

From Arabic رُطْل (ruṭl), variant of classical رِطْل (riṭl), ultimately from Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

roto

Clipping.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roton

From rotation + -on.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rotor

From an irregular clipping of rotator, originally in mathematics, coined by English mathematician and philosopher William Kingdon Clifford based on vector, see quotations. Doublet of rota and ruote.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

rotto

Apparently from rott(en) + -o, probably after blotto.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rouet

Clipping of the Borrowing from French rouet volant

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rouf

Backslang for four.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rouge

Borrowed from French rouge, from Latin rubeus. Compare rare Middle English rouge, rouȝ (“red”); later borrowed again, as it is not attested until c. 1750. The game senses are of unknown origin according to the Oxford Eng

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

rough

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûc

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

roum

From an Indian language.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roun

Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *rūnābor.? Proto-Germanic *rūnō Proto-West Germanic *rūnu Old English rūn Middle English roune English roun From Middle English roun, from Old English rūn, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō; more at r

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

round

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the ad

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

roup

A variant of roop.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roupy

From roup + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

rouse

The verb is derived from Late Middle English rousen (“of a hawk: to shake its feathers”); further etymology unknown. Because many terms of French origin are used in falconry, it has been assumed that the Middle English w

6 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

roust

1650s, variant of rouse, possibly influenced by rout.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

rout

The noun is derived from Middle English rout, route (“group of people associated with one another, company; entourage, retinue; army; group of soldiers; group of pirates; large number of people, crowd; throng; group of d

9 source sections · 70 relationship mentions

route

From Middle English route, from Old French route, from Latin rupta [via] (literally “a path made by force”). Compare Modern French route. See routine. Further via Latin ruptus related with bankrupt. Unrelated to road.

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

roux

Borrowed from French roux.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

roué

Borrowed from French roué. Doublet of rotate.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

roval

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *raidō Proto-West Germanic *raidu Old English rād Middle English rode English road Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-der.? Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwisder. Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm Proto-Italic *

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

rove

Probably from Middle English *roven, a Midlands variant of Northern Middle English raven (“to wander”), from Old Norse ráfa (“to rove; stray about”). Cognate with Icelandic ráfa (“to wander”), Scots rave (“to wander; str

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

rover

From rove (“to roam, wander; (archery) to shoot an arrow randomly”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns from verbs). Rove is derived from Late Middle English *roven, rove (“to wander”); further etymology uncertain, possibl

3 source sections · 21 relationship mentions

row

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Hreyk- Proto-Indo-European *-ō Proto-Indo-European *Hréykō Proto-Germanic *rīgǭder. Proto-Germanic *raigwō Proto-Germanic *raiwō Proto-West Germanic *raiwu Old English rǣw Middle Engli

3 source sections · 19 relationship mentions

rowan

Originally Scots and northern English, from Middle English ron, rone, compare also Northern English raan, ran. At first referring to its fruits, of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse reynir. Also related to Norwegian

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

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These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

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