The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 96

35,981 permanent word records. Read the source etymologies, inspect mentioned relationships and see where the evidence stops. These are not 35,981 independently reviewed deep dives.

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Page 96 of 180

bouse

Of unknown origin.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

From Middle English bout, bowt, bught (whence also modern English bought (“bend, curve”)), probably from Old English *buht (“bend, turn”), an unrecorded variant of Old English byht (“a bend, curve”), from Proto-West Germ

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

bove

Probably an apheretic form of above. Alternatively, this word may continue Middle English bove, boven, from Old English bufan, from Proto-West Germanic *biobanā, from *bi (“by”) + *ufanā (“from above”). Compare West Fris

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

bovid

From the stem of Classical Latin bōs + -id, after taxonomic name Bovidae. By surface analysis, an appellativization from Bovid(ae) minus -ae (a pattern that recurs with many -idae names).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bow

From Middle English bowe, from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô. Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian Booge (“arch, bow, curve”), West Frisian bôge (“arc, arch, bow”), Dutch boog

7 source sections · 45 relationship mentions

bowab

From Arabic بَوَّاب (bawwāb).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bowel

Borrowed from Middle French bouel, from Old French boïel, from Latin botellus, diminutive of botulus (“sausage”). Doublet of boyau.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bower

From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”

7 source sections · 34 relationship mentions

bowjy

From Cornish bowji (“cowshed”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bowk

From Middle English bolken, bulken, alteration of earlier balken, from Old English bealcan (“to belch; utter”). Compare Dutch bulken (“to roar”), German bölken. More at bolk.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bowl

From Middle English bolle, from Old English bolla, bolle (“bowl, cup, pot, beaker, measure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bollā, from Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“ball, round vessel, bowl”). Cognate with North Frisian bol (“bun

3 source sections · 21 relationship mentions

bowlo

From bowl(ing club) + -o.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bowse

From Middle English bousen, from Middle Dutch būsen, buisen, buysen (“to drink heavily”) (Dutch buizen). Related to Middle High German būsen (“to swell, inblow”). More at beer.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

bowsy

Probably from above, from being applied to drunkards.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

box

Etymology tree substrateder.? Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos) Pre-Greekder. Ancient Greek -ῐς (-ĭs) Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor. Late Latin buxisbor. Proto-West Germanic *buhsā Old English box Middle English box English

6 source sections · 58 relationship mentions

boxel

From box and pixel or voxel.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boxen

From Middle English boxen, replacing earlier bixen, from Old English byxen (“made of boxwood”), equivalent to box + -en.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

boxer

From box + -er.

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

boxla

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boxty

Borrowed from Irish bacstaí.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boxy

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

boy

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- Proto-Germanic *bō- Proto-West Germanic *bōjō Old English *bōia Middle English boye English boy From Middle English boy /boye (“servant, commoner, knave, boy”), from Old English *

2 source sections · 34 relationship mentions

boyar

From Russian боя́ре (bojáre), plural of боя́рин (bojárin).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

boyau

Borrowed from French boyau. Doublet of bowel.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

boyer

From Dutch boeijer, so called because these vessels were employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: compare French boyer.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

boyey

From boy + -ey.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boyf

Clipping of boyfriend.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boyfu

Blend of boy + waifu.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

boyg

From Norwegian Bokmål bøyg.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

boyly

From boy + -ly.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

boyo

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- Proto-Germanic *bō- Proto-West Germanic *bōjō Old English *bōia Middle English boye English boy Latin ō Old French ohbor. Middle English o English O ▲ Middle English o English oh

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

boysy

From boys + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boyz

From boy + -z.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

boza

From Turkish boza. Derived from Ottoman Turkish بوزه (boza), from Karakhanid بخسى (buxsıː) or Karakhanid بخسم (buxsum). Nişanyan argues that the direction of interaction between Persian buχsum and the Turkish is unclear.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bozal

From Spanish bozal (“recently-imported slave; noseband”). Doublet of bossale and bosal.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bozo

Attested since the 1910s in American English, of uncertain origin. The term may derive from Spanish bozal, a term originally for a recently-imported slave and then "someone who speaks (Spanish) poorly". The term is older

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

bozon

Blend of bozo + boson.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

boæ

From Latin boae, plural of boa.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bra

Clipping of brassiere, borrowed from French brassière, from Old French braciere (originally a lining inside armor to protect the arm, but later a garment), from Old French brace (“arm”), from Latin bracchia, plural of La

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

braai

Borrowed from Afrikaans braai (“to grill”), from Dutch braden (“roast”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brace

From Middle English brace, from Old French brace (“arm”), from Latin bracchia, the nominative and accusative plural of bracchium (“arm”).

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

brach

From Late Middle English brache (“hunting dog, especially a small scent hound; female dog, bitch (?); lapdog (?)”), probably a back-formation from Old French brachès, brachez, the plural of brachet (“female scent hound”)

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

brack

From Middle Dutch brac (whence Dutch brak). More at brackish.

4 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

bract

From Latin bractea (“a thin plate of metal; gold leaf”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brad

Late Middle English brad, variant of brod(d), from Old Norse broddr (“spike, shaft”), from Proto-Germanic *bruzdaz (compare Old English brord, Old High German brort), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrusdʰos (compare Welsh br

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

brae

From Middle English bro, bra (“bank of a stream; raised edge of a ditch or pit”), from Old Norse brá (“eyebrow; eyelash”) (probably in the sense of the brow of a hill), from Proto-Germanic *brēwō (“eyebrow”), from Proto-

1 source section · 11 relationship mentions

brag

From Middle English braggen (“to make a loud noise; to speak boastfully”) of uncertain origin. Possibly related to the Middle English adjective brag (“prideful; spirited”), which is probably of Celtic origin; or from Old

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

braid

From Middle English braiden, breided, bræiden, from Old English breġdan (“to move quickly, pull, shake, swing, throw (wrestling), draw (sword), drag; bend, weave, braid, knit, join together; change color, vary, be transf

2 source sections · 25 relationship mentions

brail

From Middle English brayle, from Old French braiel, from Medieval Latin bracale (“girdle”) (from bracae (“breeches”)).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brain

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *mregʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-n̥ Proto-Indo-European *mrógʰ-n̥ ~ *mrégʰ-n̥-s Proto-Germanic *bragną Proto-West Germanic *bragn Old English bræġn Middle English brayn English brain Inher

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

brait

Compare Welsh brith, feminine braith (“variegated”), Irish breá (“fine, comely”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brak

Source etymology material for brak; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brake

Origin uncertain; possibly from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German brake (“nose ring, curb, flax brake”), which according to Watkins is related to sense 4 and from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”).

7 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

braky

Root of bracken + -y

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brame

From Middle English brame, from Old French brame, bram (“a cry of pain or longing; a yammer”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *brammjan, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bramjaną (“to roar; bellow”), from Proto-Indo-Eu

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

brami

Blend of bra + cami.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

bran

From Middle English bran, branne, bren, from Old French bren, bran (“bran, filth”), from Gaulish brennos (“rotten”), from Proto-Celtic *bragnos (“rotten, foul”) (compare Welsh braen (“stench”), Irish bréan (“rancid”), Wa

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

brand

From Middle English brand, from Old English brand (“fire; flame; burning; torch; sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“flame; flaming; fire-brand; torch; sword”), derived from Proto-Ger

1 source section · 15 relationship mentions

brane

Contracted form of membrane.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brang

Possibly inherited from Old English brang (also brong), alternative first and third person singular past indicative of bringan (“to bring”), although no Middle English intermediary is attested, and it may have been forme

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brank

Compare Scottish Gaelic brangus, brangas (“a sort of pillory”), Irish brancas (“halter”), or Dutch pranger (“fetter”).

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

brant

From New Latin/Medieval Latin Branta, latinized form of Old Norse brandgás (“sheldrake”), literally "burnt (black) goose," from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“burning”) + *gans (“goose”).

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

brap

Imitative.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brash

Uncertain. Perhaps from Scots brash, brasch (“a violent onset; an attack or assault”). Perhaps also related to Dutch bars (“stern; strict”), German barsch (“harsh; unfriendly”), Danish barsk (“harsh; rough; tough”), Swed

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

brass

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compar

4 source sections · 13 relationship mentions

brat

Early Modern English (c. 1500) slang term meaning "beggar's child". Possibly from Scots bratchet (“bitch, hound”), in which case it would be a doublet of brachet. Another possibility is that it was originally a dialectal

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

brath

From Middle English brath, broth, braith, from Old Norse bráðr (“hasty, sudden”), from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“hot, in a hurry, rushed”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrē-, *bʰerē- (“steam, vapour”), from *bʰer- (“to seet

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

brava

From Italian brava, feminine of bravo.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brave

From Middle French brave, borrowed from Italian bravo, itself of uncertain origin (see there). Doublet of bravo.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

bravo

Borrowed from Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brawl

The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may

3 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

brawn

From Middle English brawne, from Old French braon (“slice of meat, fleshy part, buttock”), from Frankish *brādon, *brādan, oblique forms of *brādō (“roasted meat, ham”), from Proto-Germanic *brēdô (“meat, roast”), of unc

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

bray

The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of

2 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

braza

From Spanish braza (“Spanish brace”), from Old Spanish braça, from Latin brachia, variant of bracchium (“arm, cubit”), from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn, “upper arm”).

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

braze

From Middle English brasen, from Old English brasian, bræsian (“to cover with brass”), from bræs (“brass”).

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

brazy

From b- + (c)razy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bread

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.? Proto-Germanic *braudą Proto-West Germanic *braud Old English brēad Middle English bred English bread From Middle English bred, breed, from Old English brēad (“fragment,

4 source sections · 102 relationship mentions

break

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *bʰrégeti Proto-Germanic *brekaną Proto-West Germanic *brekan Old English brecan Middle English breken English break From Middle En

2 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

bream

From Middle English breme, from Old French breme, bresme, braisme, brasme (whence French brème), from Frankish *brahsma, *brahsima (whence Dutch brasem), from Proto-West Germanic *brahsmō (whence Old High German brahsma,

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

bred

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

brede

A variant of braid.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bree

From Middle English brewe, bre, bregh, from Old English brēġ (“eyelid”) (Anglian dialect). Compare West Saxon brǣw, brēaw, brēaġ (“eyelid”), from Proto-Germanic *brēwō. Cognate with Dutch (wenk)brauw, German Braue. Compa

2 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

breed

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰroh₁tús Proto-Germanic *brōduz Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *brōdijaną Proto-West Germanic *brōdijan Old English b

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

brek

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

breme

From Middle English brem, breme, from Old English brēme (“famous, glorious, noble”), from Proto-West Germanic *brōmi, from Proto-Germanic *brōmiz (“famous”). Cognate with Latin fremō (“to murmur; to roar”), Ancient Greek

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

bren

From Middle English brennen, from Old Norse brenna, brinna, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to set on fire”). Cognate with German brennen, Swedish bränna. Doublet of burn; see there for more.

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

brett

Short for Brettanomyces.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

breve

From Middle English breve, variant of bref, from Old French brieve, breve (feminine form of brief, bref), from Latin brevis (“short”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

brew

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der. Proto-Germanic *brewwaną Proto-West Germanic *breuwan Old English brēowan Middle English brewen English brew From Middle English brewen, from Old English brēowan, from Pro

2 source sections · 18 relationship mentions

brian

From dialectal English, probably variant of brine (“to burn”), from brine (“a burning”), from Middle English brüne (“a burn, a burning”), from Old English bryne (“a burning, conflagration, fire, flame, heat, inflammation

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

briar

From Middle English brere, from Old English brēr [Old Mercian], brǣr (“briar, bramble”); further origin unknown, perhaps related to Old French bruiere (“heather”) (French bruyère). Compare Old Norse brǫrr (“briar”), when

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

bribe

From Middle English bribe, from Old French briber (“go begging”), from the noun bribe (“a gift”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brick

From Late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke ("cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whe

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

bride

From Middle English bride, from Old English brȳd (“bride”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, from Proto-Germanic *brūdiz (“bride”). Cognates Cognate with Yola breede (“bride”), Saterland Frisian Bräid (“bride”), Alemanni

2 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

bridi

From Lojban.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brie

Borrowed from French brie, after the region of Brie, from Gaulish *brigā, from Proto-Celtic *brigā (“hill, fortress”). Doublet of Brie; see also Bourgogne.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

brief

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder. Proto-Italic *breɣʷis Latin brevisder. Old French briefbor. Old French brievebor. Middle English bref English brief Fro

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

brig

Abbreviated from brigantine, from Italian brigantino; in sense “jail”, from the use of such ships as prisons.

4 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

brill

Possibly from Cornish brilli (“mackerel”), from brithelli, plural of brithel (“mackerel”), from brith (“spotted”), from Proto-Brythonic *briθ.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brim

The noun is derived from Middle English brymme, brimme (“bank or edge of a lake or river; shore of a sea; brink; rim”); of unclear origin; compare Middle High German brem (“margin”). The verb is derived from the noun. co

6 source sections · 23 relationship mentions

brin

Of unknown origin ; perhaps French brin

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brine

From Middle English brine, bryne, from Old English brīne, from Proto-West Germanic *brīnā, from Proto-Germanic *brīnǭ (“salt water, brine”) (compare Scots brime, West Frisian brein, Dutch brijn (“brine”), West Flemish br

1 source section · 16 relationship mentions

bring

From Middle English bryngen, from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną (“to bring”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-, possibly based on *bʰer-. Compare Scots bring, West

2 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

brink

From Middle English brinke, brenke, from Old Norse *brenka, brekka, from Proto-Germanic *brinkǭ, *brinkaz (“hill, edge (of land)”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to project”). Cognate with Dutch brink (“grassland”),

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

briny

Etymology tree English brine Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English briny The adjective is from brine (noun) + -y (suffix forming adjec

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

brio

From Italian brio (“finesse, talent”), from Spanish brío, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brīgos.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bris

Borrowed from Yiddish ברית (bris), from Hebrew בְּרִית (bərîṯ, “covenant”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brisk

Uncertain; probably a collateral form of brusque, but compare Irish briosc, Scottish Gaelic brisg, Welsh brys.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

brisé

French brisé (literally “broken”)

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brit

From Middle English brytten, brutten, from Old English brittian, bryttian (“to divide, dispense, distribute, rule over, possess, enjoy the use of”), from Proto-Germanic *brutjaną (“to break, divide”), from Proto-Germanic

3 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

bro

PIE word *bʰréh₂tēr Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr Proto-Germanic *brōþēr Proto-West Germanic *brōþer Old English brōþor Middle English brother English brotherclip. English bro Spelling pronunciation and c

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

bro-y

From bro + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

broa

Borrowed from Portuguese broa, possibly of Germanic origin (a doublet of bread).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

broad

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-der.? Proto-Germanic *braidaz Proto-West Germanic *braid Old English brād Middle English brod English broad From Middle English brood, brode, from Old English brād (“broad, flat,

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

broch

From Scots broch, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. Doublet of borough and burgh.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

brock

From Middle English brok, from Old English broc (“badger”), related to Danish brok (“badger”); both probably originally from a Celtic source akin to Irish broc, Welsh broch, Cornish brogh and thus ultimately from Proto-C

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

brodo

Borrowed from Italian brodo.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

broey

From bro + -ey (-y (“adjectival marker”)).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brog

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic bròg. Compare brob.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

broha

Unknown, most likely a blend of bro and aloha, perhaps in association with brah or brotha.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

broil

From Middle English broylen, brulen (“to broil, cook”), from Anglo-Norman bruiller, broiller (“to broil, roast”), Old French brusler, bruller (“to broil, roast, char”), a blend of two Old French verbs: * bruir (“to burn”

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

broke

Ablauted form of break.

5 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

brom-

Source etymology material for brom-; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

broma

From Ancient Greek βρῶμα (brôma, “food”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

brome

From the genus name, New Latin Bromus, from Ancient Greek βρόμος (brómos, “oat, wild oat”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

bromo

From bromine.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brond

See brand.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brony

Blend of bro + pony, the earliest documented use dates to October 25th, 2010 on the 4chan image boards.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

brood

From Middle English brood, brod, from Old English brōd (“brood; foetus; breeding, hatching”), from Proto-Germanic *brōduz (“heat, breeding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“breath, mist, vapour, steam”).

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

brook

From Middle English brouken (“to use, enjoy”), from Old English brūcan (“to enjoy, brook, use, possess, partake of, spend”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan, from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną (“to enjoy, use”), from Proto-In

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

brool

From German Brüll (“a roar”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

broom

Inherited from Middle English brom, from Old English brōm (“brushwood”), from Proto-West Germanic *brām (“bramble”) (compare Saterland Frisian Brom, West Frisian brem, Dutch braam, German Low German Braam), from Proto-In

2 source sections · 18 relationship mentions

broon

Conserved from Middle English broun, from Old English brūn as opposed to the Standard English pronunciation.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

brose

From the Doric dialect of North East Scotland, from earlier browes, from Old French broez, nominative of broet (“stew, soup made from meat broth”) (French brouet) diminutive of breu, from Medieval Latin brodium, from Pro

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

brosy

From brose + -y, from brose (“oatmeal mixed with boiling water”); from the Doric dialect of northeast Scotland.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

broth

From Middle English broth, from Old English broþ (“broth”), from Proto-West Germanic *broþ (“broth”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to seethe, roil, brew”). By surface analysi

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

brow

From Middle English browe, from Old English brū, from Proto-West Germanic *brāwu, from Proto-Germanic *brūwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“brow”). Cognate with Scots broo (“brow”), Dutch brauw (“brow”), German Br

1 source section · 19 relationship mentions

brown

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-? Proto-Germanic *brūnaz Proto-West Germanic *brūn Old English brūn Middle English broun English brown Inherited from Middle English broun, from Old English brūn (“brown; dark; d

3 source sections · 39 relationship mentions

brrm

Onomatopoeic.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bru

From Afrikaans broer. Doublet of bhai, brother, frater, friar, pal, and vai.

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

bruce

From the man's name Bruce.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bruck

From Jamaican Creole bruck.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brud

Blend of bro + bud, or from brother casually pronounced as brudda.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bruh

PIE word *bʰréh₂tēr Clipping of brother originating in African-American Vernacular English. Predates, but perhaps influenced, other slang clippings spelled with -h. This is a phonetic clipping: /ˈbɹʌðɚ/ → /bɹʌ/. Contrast

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

bruin

From Middle Dutch bruun (“brown”) via William Caxton's 1485 translation of a Dutch version of the legend of Reynard the Fox. Bruin is the bear, named for his brown color. Doublet of brown.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bruit

The noun is derived from Middle English bruit (“commotion, tumult; fame, renown; collective noun for a group of barons”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman brut (“commotion, tumult; noise, sounds; fame, renown; hearsay

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

brujx

A modification of brujo, bruja: The gender-neutral suffix -x replaces the gendered suffixes -a and -o.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brume

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder. Proto-Italic *breɣʷis Latin brevis Latin brūmalbor. Old French brume French brumebor. English brume Borrowed from Frenc

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

brune

Borrowed from French brune.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

brung

Perhaps by analogy with other strong verbs, but compare also the Old English past forms brunge, brungon and past participle variant brungen (“brought”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

brunt

From Middle English brunt, bront (“sudden onset, attack, charge, blow”), from Old Norse brundr or brundtíð (“oestrus, rut”) (from Proto-Germanic *brunstiz), or bruna (“to rush”, literally “to advance like wildfire”) (see

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

brush

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís Proto-Germanic *bʰurstís Proto-Germanic *burstiz Frankish *burstibor. Vulgar Latin *brustia Old French broissebor. Middle

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

brut

From French brut (“raw”), from Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“heavy”).

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

brute

From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerâ

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

bruv

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

brux

Back-formation from bruxism, from Ancient Greek βρυγμός (brugmós, “grinding (teeth)”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bruxo

Borrowed from Portuguese bruxo.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bruzz

Blend of bro + huzz as a masculine version, equivalent to bro + -uzz.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bryo-

Ancient Greek βρύον (brúon, “moss”)

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

brési

Borrowed from French brési.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bsdk

Derived from Hindi भोसड़ीके (bhosṛīke).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bual

From Portuguese boal.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buang

From Malay buang (“throw away, discard”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buaze

Borrowed from Chichewa bwazi.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bub

Probably imitative of the sound of drinking.

5 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

buba

Borrowed from Yoruba buba.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bubba

Possibly an alteration of brother or bub, said by a young child not yet able to pronounce brother properly, but note similar terms in other Germanic languages derived from Proto-Germanic *bō-, *bō-, such as West Frisian

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bubbe

Borrowed from Yiddish באָבע (bobe, “grandmother”), and then either from a Slavic language or from eastern Middle High German bābe (“old woman”), both from Proto-Slavic *baba (“old woman”) and ultimately imitative of a ch

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bubby

Likely a babble word; compare dialectal German Bübbi (“teat”). Some older references connected the word to French poupe, but this is considered "very doubtful" by the OED. Compare Latin pūpa (“little girl”).

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

bubo

Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bucak

From Turkish bucak, from Ottoman Turkish بوجاق, literally meaning "corner", from Proto-Turkic *būč-gak, from *būč- or *bïč-.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bucc-

From Latin bucca (“cheek”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bucca

Borrowed from Cornish bocka. Doublet of pooka and puck.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

buchi

From Tagalog butsi / butse, possibly from Hokkien 麻糍 (môa-chî) or a similar cognate, or Spanish buche (“gulp a mouthful”). Compare Cebuano butsi (“Jian dui”), Tagalog matse (“Mache”), Cebuano masi (“Masi”), Kapampangan m

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

bucht

From Scots bucht, of uncertain origin.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buchu

Borrowed from Khoekhoe buku.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buck

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- Proto-Germanic *bukkaz Proto-Germanic *bukkô Proto-West Germanic *bukkō Old English bucca Middle English bukke English buck Inherited from Middle English bukke. Doublet of puck (

7 source sections · 23 relationship mentions

bucko

From buck (“male antelope, deer, etc.; adventurous or high-spirited young man”) + -o (colloquializing suffix).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bucky

From buckshot.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bud

From Middle English budde, bodde (“bud, seed pod”), from Old English *budde, from Proto-West Germanic *buʀdā, from Proto-Germanic *buzdǭ (compare archaic German Butte (“rosehip”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

buddo

From bud + -o.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buddy

First appears c. 1788, in the writings of Charles Dibdin, of uncertain origin. Possibly from *bruddy, *bruthy, a child-talk alteration of brother. Alternatively, perhaps from British colloquial butty (“companion”), also

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

budge

Borrowed from Middle French bouger, from Old French bougier, from Vulgar Latin *bullicāre (“to bubble; seethe; move; stir”), from Latin bullīre (“to boil; seethe; roil”). More at boil.

3 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

budgy

From budge + -y, from budge (“strong drink”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

budju

From Gurindji puju (“female genitals”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

budo

From Japanese 武道 (budō).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buer

Irish.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buff

Etymology tree Ancient Greek [Term?]? Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos)bor. Latin būbalusder. Late Latin bufalusder. Italian bufaloder. Old French bufle Middle French buffleder. English buffe English buff From buffe (“le

4 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

buffa

From Italian buffa. See buffo and buffoon.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buffe

From Old French buffe.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buffo

Borrowed from Italian buffo.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buffy

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bufo

From translingual Bufo marinus (now Rhinella marina), the cane toad, from Latin būfō (“toad”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bug

First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a “bedbug”), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), from Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”) which is traced alternatively to: * a Celtic root found in Scots bogill

1 source section · 14 relationship mentions

bugan

From Welsh bwgan (“hobgoblin”), from Middle Welsh, possibly from Middle English bugge.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

buge

Deliberate misspelling of bug, echoing doge.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buggy

Origin unknown.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

bugia

From New Latin bugia, from Medieval Latin candēla Bugiae, candēla dē Bugia (“candle from Bejaia (a seaport town in northeastern Algeria from which they were exported)”), a calque of Middle French chandelle de Bougie. Dou

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bugle

Etymology tree Anglo-Norman buglebor. Middle English bugle English bugle Inherited from Middle English bugle, from Anglo-Norman bugle (“young ox, heifer; bugle”), from Latin būculus (“young ox, steer”).

4 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

bugly

Blend of butt + ugly.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

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These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

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