The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 179

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zeal

From Middle English zele, from Old French zel, from Late Latin zēlus, from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to search”). Related to jealous.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

zean

Former trade name. See Zea (“genus of grasses”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

zebi-

Blend of ze(tta-) + bi(nary).

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First attested in 1600. Borrowed from Italian zebra, from Portuguese zebra, zebro (“zebra”), from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar La

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

zebu

Borrowed from French zébu, probably from Tibetan མཛོ་པོ (mdzo po, “male bull–yak hybrid”), whence also zobo.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zed

From Middle English zed, zedde, zede, from Old French zede, from Late Latin zeta, from Ancient Greek ζῆτα (zêta), from Hebrew ז (zayin) with influence from βῆτα (bêta), ἦτα (êta) and θῆτα (thêta). The letter had a rare u

2 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

zee

Likely an alteration of zed (which see for more), by analogy with other letters such as bee, dee, tee and vee. Fell out of usage in England by the 17th century, and made standard in the U.S. in American Dictionary of Eng

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

zeera

Borrowed from Hindi जीरा (jīrā)/Urdu زیرہ (zīra), from Sanskrit जीरक (Jīraka) or Classical Persian زیرہ (zīra).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zeese

Said to be from "Z.C.", initials of Zachariah Clifton, known for enjoying strong coffee.

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zef

Perhaps from the name of the Ford Zephyr automobile, clipping of Zephyr.

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zefir

From Russian зефи́р (zefír).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zein

From translingual Zea (“corn genus”) + -in.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

zeism

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *yew- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *yéwos Proto-Hellenic *dzeyyā́ Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá)bor. New Latin zēa Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

zeist

From New Latin zea, from Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá, “spelt”), + -ist.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zek

From Russian зэ́к (zɛ́k), probably representing a pronunciation of з/к (z/k), Soviet abbreviation of заключённый каналоармеец (zaključónnyj kanaloarmejec, “prisoner member of the [White Sea–Baltic] Canal army”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zen

From Zen. In more general use, popularized by Eugen Herrigel's 1948 Zen in the Art of Archery and Robert M. Pirsig's 1974 Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

zendo

Borrowed from Japanese 禅堂 (zendō).

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zenik

Unknown, likely from a native African name.

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zeno-

From Ancient Greek Ζηνο- (Zēno-), combining form of Ζεύς (Zeús).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zeon

From Medieval Greek ζέον (zéon, “zeon; boiling”), from Ancient Greek ζέω (zéō, “boil”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zep

Shortened from zeppelin.

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zerda

From Arabic [script needed] (zerdawā), probably of Persian origin; compare Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”) and the dialectal suffix و (-ow, -aw) that creates nouns from adjectives.

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zerde

From Ottoman Turkish زرده (zerde, “zerde”), from Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zeren

From Russian дзерен (dzeren), from Mongolian зээр (zeer).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zerg

From the game StarCraft (1998), in which the easily mass-produced Zerg units encourage such a strategy.

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zerk

After Austrian-born American inventor Oscar U. Zerk.

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zero

Collectively borrowed from Early Modern Spanish zero, Middle French zero, and (their etymon) Old Italian zero, from Medieval Latin zēphirum, from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “nothing; cipher”), itself calqued from Sanskrit शून्य

2 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

zeroa

From Hebrew זְרוֹעַ (z'róa, “arm”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zerok

Blend of zero + fork, playing on the fact that most traditional forks have four prongs and the word fork sounds like four-k.

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zest

Borrowed from French zeste.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zesty

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sek-? Proto-Indo-European *-éyti Proto-Indo-European *skey- Proto-Indo-European *skeyd- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *skidtós Ancient Greek σχιστός (skhistós)slbor. Fr

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zeta

From the Ancient Greek ζῆτα (zêta). Doublet of zed.

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zetz

From Yiddish זעץ (zets, “a punch, a blow, a hit”), ultimately from Old High German Satz (“a leap”). Compare with Yiddish זעצן (zetsn, “to sit”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zeuhl

Coined by French musician Christian Vander, who claimed it meant "celestial" in his constructed language Kobaïan.

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zeze

From Swahili zeze.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zhang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 丈 (zhàng).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zhe

Borrowed from Russian же (že).

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zhee

From Pitman zee, which it resembles phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

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zhng

From Hokkien 裝 /装 (chng), compare Cantonese 裝 /装 (zong¹, “to install; to redecorate”). Spelling influenced by Mandarin Pinyin.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 粥 (zhōu). Doublet of jook and juk.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zhu

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 銖 /铢 (zhū).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

zhun

From Hokkien 準 /准 (chún) or Mandarin 準 /准 (zhǔn).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zhuz

Borrowed from Kazakh жүз (jüz).

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zhuzh

Originally from Polari zhoosh.

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ziara

From Arabic زِيَارَة (ziyāra).

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ziega

German

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ziege

From German Ziege, from Middle High German zige, from Old High German ziga, from Proto-West Germanic *tigā. Compare Old Armenian տիկ (tik, “wineskin”), Albanian dhi (“she-goat”), Ishkashimi [script needed] (dec, “goatski

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

zig

Back-formation from zigzag. Compare zag.

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ziggy

From zig + -y.

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zihar

From Arabic ظِهَار (ẓihār).

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zij

From Middle Persian zīg (literally “cord”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zikr

From Arabic ذِكْر (ḏikr).

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zilch

Probably from Joe Zilch, a placeholder name (compare John Doe) used by Nunnally Johnson in his column in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle from 1923; in turn from Joe Zilch, an unseen character referenced in comedian Frank Tinney

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

zilde

Blend of zero + tilde.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

zill

From Ottoman Turkish زل (zil).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zimb

Borrowed from Amharic ዝምብ (zəmb), ዝንብ (zənb).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zimbo

Borrowed from Portuguese zimbo.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zimun

Borrowed from Hebrew זימון (“invitation, summons”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zin

Clipping of zinfandel.

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zina

Borrowed from Arabic زِنَى (zinā).

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zinar

Borrowed from Marathi झीनार (jhīnār, “necklace”); ultimately from Arabic زینار (zinar, “belt, sash”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zinc

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- Proto-Indo-European *-ónts Proto-Indo-European *h₃dóntsder. Proto-Germanic *tindaz Old High German zint? Old High German zinko Middle High German zinke German Zinke? German Zinkb

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

zincy

From zinc + -y.

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zine

Shortened from fanzine, ultimately from magazine; from 1965.

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zineb

From “zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate”, its chemical name.

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ziner

From zine + -er.

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zing

Of onomatopoeic origin.

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zingy

Etymology tree English zing Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English zingy From zing + -y.

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zino

From Z-boson + -ino.

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zion

From Hebrew ז.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zip

Onomatopoeic.

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zippo

Etymology tree English zip Latin ō Old French ohbor. Middle English o English O ▲ Middle English o English oh English -o English zippo From zip + -o.

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zippy

From zip (“to move in haste; to make (something) move quickly”) + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’).

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zir

From Arabic زِير (zīr).

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

ziram

From zinc dithiocarbamate.

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zisha

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紫砂 (zǐshā).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zit

Uncertain origin, first attested as 1960s North American English teenagers' slang. Compare English chit (“pimple, wart”), German Zitze (“teat, nipple”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zitan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 紫檀 (zǐtán).

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zitch

From Middle English swich, from Old English swilċ.

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ziti

From Italian zite or ziti, plural of zita, zito, from a Southern (Neapolitan or Sicilian) word likely from Vulgar Latin pittitus (“small, worthless”), originally denoting a young boy or girl. See also petty.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zitso

From zits + -o.

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zitty

Etymology tree English zit Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English zitty From zit + -y.

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zizel

Compare German Ziesel.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zizz

Imitative in both uses, the first being of snoring: compare zzz (“sound of snoring”).

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zizzy

From zizz + -y.

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zlid

Shortened form of God's lid.

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zlote

From Polish złote.

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zloty

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-tom Proto-Balto-Slavic *źálˀtader. Proto-Slavic *zoltъ Old Polish złoty Polish złotybor. English zloty Borrowed from Polish złoty.

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zoar

From Zoar, mentioned in the Bible as the place where Lot fled with his wife and two daughters to escape death when Yahweh destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, from Biblical Hebrew צֹעַר (tso`ar, “insignificance, s

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

zob

Claimed by Swedish scholar Jan Ivarsson (quoted in Green's Dictionary of Slang) to derive from French zob (“dick, cock”), itself from Arabic زُبّ (zubb).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zobo

From Tibetan མཛོ་ཕོ (mdzo pho, “male bull–yak hybrid”); see zebu for more.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zocco

Borrowed from Italian zocco, from Latin soccus. Doublet of sock.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zod

A phonetic contraction of the phrase "he's odd".

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zodi

Related to zodiac.

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zoe

From Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”), first distinguished in this particular sense by Giorgio Agamben.

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zoeal

From zoea + -al.

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zogan

From Japanese 象嵌.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zoic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζωϊκός (zōïkós), from ζῷον (zōîon, “animal”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zoid

Variant form of zooid which took on a specialised botanical meaning. By surface analysis, zoo- + -id.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

zoiks

Possibly from a shortening of gadzooks. Compare also yoicks.

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zoism

Derived from Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) + -ism.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zokor

From dialectal Russian зо́кор (zókor), ultimately of Mongolic origin. See Russian цо́кор (cókor) for more.

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zol

Borrowed from Afrikaans zol.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zolly

Blend of zoom + dolly.

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zomb

Reduction of zombie.

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zome

Blend of zonohedron + dome, coined by Steve Durkee in 1968.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zomma

Made up to sound like a Greek letter.

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zona

Learned borrowing from Latin zōna. Doublet of zone.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zonal

First attested 1865–70, from zone + -al.

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zonda

From Spanish zonda.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zone

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *yeh₃s- Proto-Indo-European *-néh₂ Proto-Indo-European *yoh₃snéh₂der. Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē)bor. Latin zōnader. English zone From Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle,

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

zoner

Etymology tree Latin zōnader. English zone English -er English zoner From zone + -er.

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zonic

From zone + -ic.

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zonk

First attested in c. 1950. Unknown origin, likely imitative, of echoic origin.

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zonko

From zonk + -o.

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zonky

From zonk + -y.

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zony

Blend of zebra + pony.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

zoo

Clipping of zoological garden or zoological park, now the usual form. See zoology. * Sense 5 is a clipping of zoophile or zoophilia.

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zoo-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- Proto-Indo-European *gʷyéh₃-w-os Proto-Hellenic *d͏̌ōwós Ancient Greek ζωός (zōós) Proto-Indo-European *-yóm Proto-Hellenic Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon) Ancient Greek ζώῐ̈ον (zṓĭ̈

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zooey

From zoo + -ey.

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zooid

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zoom

Uncertain. The verb was first attested c. 1892, as a noun in 1918 and as an interjection in 1942. Apparently related to Scots soom (“to buzz, hum”), dialectal English and Scots soom, swoom, sweem (“to spin or twirl at hi

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

zoomy

From zoom + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

zoon

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zoop

Imitative; compare zap, zip.

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zoot

Ellipsis of zoot suit.

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zooty

From zoot + -y.

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zope

Unadapted borrowing from dialectal German Zope (French sope), probably from Slavic (compare Russian сапа́ (sapá)).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zoppo

Borrowed from Italian zoppo.

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zorb

Originally the trademarked name of a particular brand of sphere; perhaps from orb.

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zorch

Perhaps blend of zap + scorch or torch.

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zori

From Japanese 草履 (zōri).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zorro

Borrowed from Spanish zorro.

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zorse

Blend of zebra + horse

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zosui

Japanese 雑炊 (literally “miscellaneous cooking”)

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zot

A sound effect. Popularized by the Usenet Oracle, a humorous Internet advice service, where the word was used as an irritated dismissal of a question.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

zouk

From French secouer (“to shake up”), via creole.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zoëa

From New Latin zōaea, zōēa, from Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) (compare ζῷον (zōîon)).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zrazy

Borrowed from Polish zrazy.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zubr

From Polish żubr, from Proto-Slavic *zǫbrъ, *izǫbrъ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth, horn, peg”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

zuke

Shortening. Compare cuke.

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zule

From Dutch zuil(en) (“pillar(s)”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zulm

From Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm, “injustice”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

zun

Romanized from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 尊 (zūn).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zupan

Of Slavic origin, from Proto-Slavic *županъ, from *župa (“area, district”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zuppa

Borrowed from Italian zuppa. Doublet of soup.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zurek

Borrowed from Polish żurek.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zurna

From Turkish zurna, from Ottoman Turkish زورنا (zurna), from Classical Persian سرنا (surnā); see there for more. Cognate with English horn, Latin cornu (“horn”).

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

zutho

From Angami zhūthō (“rice beer”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zuz

From Hebrew זוּז (zūz), from Aramaic זוּזָא (zūzā).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

zveno

From Russian звено́ (zvenó).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zyg-

Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”)

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zygal

From zygo- + -al.

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zygo-

From Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zygon

From Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

zylon

A trademarked name.

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zymad

From zymotic + -ad.

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zyme

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs Proto-Indo-European *yúHs-meh₂ Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē)bor. English zyme Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē, “leaven”).

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zymic

By surface analysis, zyme + -ic; or, by surface analysis, zym- + -ic

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zymo-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *yéwHs Proto-Indo-European *yúHs-meh₂ Ancient Greek ζῡ́μη (zū́mē) English zymo- From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Greek combining form, from Ancient Greek ζύμη

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

zyxin

From the gene name ZYX, + -in.

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zzz

Conventionalized sound of snoring.

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zzzs

From zzz, a cartoon depiction of snoring; compare zs.

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złote

From Polish złote.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

złoty

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

~

(indicating emotion): Perhaps borrowed from Japanese ~, 〜, 〰, emphatic form of ー (long vowel mark).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

£sd

An abbreviation of the Latin lībra solidus dēnārius, see also £.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

Álava

Borrowed from Spanish Álava.

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Ávila

From Spanish Ávila.

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Åbo

Borrowed from Swedish Åbo.

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Åland

Borrowed from Swedish Åland.

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Ægir

Borrowed from Old Norse Ægir.

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Æsir

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *h₂émsus Proto-Germanic *ansuz Proto-Norse *ᚨᛊᚢᛉ (*asuʀ) Old Norse æsirbor. English Æsir Borrowed from Old Norse æsir (nominative pl

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

Çoruh

Borrowed from Turkish Çoruh.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

Çorum

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Çorum.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

Élise

Borrowed from French Élise.

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Érone

Borrowed from French Érone, itself from Corsican Erone.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

Évora

Borrowed from Portuguese Évora, from Latin Ebora, a feminine noun derived from Proto-Celtic *eburos (“yew”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

Ñuñoa

Borrowed from Chilean Spanish Ñuñoa, from Mapudungun.

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Óðr

From Proto-Germanic *wōþuz (“rage, manic inspiration, furor poeticus”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t-. Cognate with Old English wod and German Wut.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

Öland

Borrowed from Swedish Öland. Doublet of Åland and island.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

Ölgii

From Mongolian Өлгий (Ölgii).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

Özgön

From Kyrgyz Өзгөн (Özgön).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

Ü

Borrowed from Tibetan དབུས (dbus), which is pronounced like Ü in Lhasa.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

à bas

Borrowed from French à bas (literally “to the bottom”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

à la

Borrowed from French à la.

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æsc

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s-der. Proto-Germanic *askaz Proto-West Germanic *ask Old English æsċlbor. English æsc Learned borrowing from Old English æsċ. Doublet of ash.

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æt.

Abbreviation of Latin aetātis (“of age”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

éclat

Borrowed from French éclat, from éclater (“to burst out”). Akin to Old English slītan (“to split”). More at slice, slit. Doublet of slate and slat.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

écu

Borrowed from French écu. Doublet of scutum, escudo, scudo, and scute.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

élan

Borrowed from French élan.

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élite

Unadapted borrowing from French élite.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

épée

Borrowed from French épée, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Doublet of spade and spatha.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

étage

Borrowed from French étage. Doublet of stage.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

étale

First applied in a mathematical context (in French) by Alexander Grothendieck to étale morphisms, apparently with reference to the phrase mer étale ("the sea at high or low tide"), the connection being that étale morphis

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

étape

Borrowed from French étape, from Middle French estappe, from Old French estaple (“warehouse; a place where merchants bring their wares to be sold”), from Middle Dutch stapel (“warehouse; market”), from Old Dutch stapul,

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

étui

Borrowed from French étui.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

öre

Borrowed from Swedish öre. Doublet of aureus, eyrir, øre, and oyra.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

øre

Borrowed from Danish øre, Norwegian øre, from Latin aureus (“a Roman coin; golden”). Doublet of aureus, eyrir, öre, and oyra.

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

über-

Unadapted borrowing from German über-. Doublet of over-.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

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These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

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