The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 113

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finny

Etymology tree English fin Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English finny From fin + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

fino

From Spanish fino (“fine”). Doublet of fine.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

finos

Borrowed from Portuguese.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

finta

Etymology tree Latin finita Portuguese fintabor. Spanish fintabor. English finta Borrowed from Spanish finta.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fiori

From Italian fiori (literally “flowers”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fip

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fiqh

Borrowed from Arabic فِقْه (fiqh, “intelligence, knowledge”).

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fique

Borrowed from Spanish fique.

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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ-der. Proto-Germanic *furhō Proto-West Germanic *furhu Old English furh Middle English firre English fir From Middle English firre, from Old English fyrh, furh, as in furhwudu (“p

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

fire

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Germanic *fōr Proto-West Germanic *fuir Old English fȳr Middle English fyr English fire From Middle English fyr, from Old English fȳr (“fire”), from Proto-West Germanic *

3 source sections · 70 relationship mentions

fired

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Germanic *fōr Proto-West Germanic *fuir Old English fȳr Middle English fyr English fire English -ed English fired From fire + -ed.

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firee

From fire + -ee, by analogy with hiree.

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firer

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Germanic *fōr Proto-West Germanic *fuir Old English fȳr Middle English fyr English fire Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

firey

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Germanic *fōr Proto-West Germanic *fuir Old English fȳr Middle English fyr English fire Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English firey From fire + -y (“diminu

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firie

From fire + -ie.

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firk

From Middle English firken, ferken (“to proceed, hasten”), from Old English fercian (“to bring, assist, support, carry, conduct, convey, proceed”), from Proto-West Germanic *farikōn, frequentative of Proto-Germanic *fara

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

firm

Etymology tree Latin firmoder. Italian firmarebf. Italian firmabor. English firm From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“f

3 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

firn

Borrowed from German Firn, from Alemannic German firn (“last year's”), from Old High German firni (“old”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *firnijaz, *fernaz (“foregoing, previous”), from Proto-Indo

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

firry

From fir + -y.

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first

From Middle English first, furst, ferst, fyrst, from Old English fyrest, from Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz (“first, foremost”), superlative of Proto-Germanic *furai, *furi (“before”), from P

2 source sections · 41 relationship mentions

firth

Borrowed from Scots firth, furth, from Northern Middle English fyrth, from either or both of Old English ford and Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”), from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-E

2 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

firy

Equivalent to fire + -y.

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fisbo

From pronunciation of FSBO (“For Sale by Owner”).

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fisc

Partly from Middle French fisc and partly from its etymon, Latin fiscus (“basket, money-bag, public treasury”); see fiscal.

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fise

From Middle English fise, fyse, from Old Norse físa (“to break wind”) (whence also Danish fise), from Proto-Germanic *fīsaną (“to break wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow, breathe”). More at fist.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

fish

From Middle English fisch, from Old English fisċ (“fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz (“fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *piskós (“fish”). Cognates Cognate with Yola wish (“fish”), North

4 source sections · 30 relationship mentions

fisho

From fish + -o.

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fishy

From Middle English fishi, fischey, equivalent to fish + -y.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fisk

From Middle English fisken, fisshen. Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old English *fȳscian, an iterative form of fȳsan (“to hasten”), thus equivalent to feeze + -k, and faze + -k. Compare also Swedish fjäska (“to bustle

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

fiss

From fission by back-formation.

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fist

From Middle English fist, from Old English fȳst (“fist”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūsti (“fist”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to punch; to prick, stab”). Cognates Cognate with Yo

2 source sections · 37 relationship mentions

fisty

From fist + -y. Piecewise doublet of fistic.

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fit

Possibly from Middle English fit (“an adversary of equal power”), of uncertain further origin. The original sense appears to have been "to marshal or deploy troops", which shifted to "to suit (troops to a certain locatio

5 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

fita

Borrowed from Russian фита́ (fitá).

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fitch

Shortening of fitchew, or directly borrowed from its antecedent, Middle Dutch vitsche (“polecat”). More at fitchew.

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

fitly

Etymology tree English fit Middle English -ly English -ly English fitly From fit + -ly.

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fitna

Borrowed from Arabic فِتْنَة (fitna, “sedition, strife”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

fitra

Borrowed from Arabic فِطْرَة (fiṭra).

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five

PIE word *pénkʷe Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe Proto-Germanic *fimf Proto-West Germanic *fimf Old English fīf Middle English fyf English five From Middle English fyf, fyve, from Old English fīf (“five”), fro

2 source sections · 50 relationship mentions

fivek

Blend of five + fork, playing on the fact that most traditional forks have four prongs and the word fork sounds like four-k.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

fiver

From five + -er (measurement suffix) or + -er (“supporter”).

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fix

From Middle English fixen, borrowed from Old French *fixer (attested only as ficher, fichier; > English fitch), from fix (“fastened; fixed”), from Latin fīxus (“immovable; steady; stable; fixed”), from fīgō (“to drive in

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

fixer

Etymology tree English fix Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Pr

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fixie

From fix + -ie.

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fixly

From fix + -ly.

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fixme

From fix + me.

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fixt

From fix + -t.

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fixup

Deverbal from fix up.

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fiya

A slang pronunciation of the word "fire".

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fizbo

From pronunciation of FSBO (“for sale by owner”).

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fizz

Onomatopoeia.

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fizzy

Etymology tree English fizz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English fizzy From fizz + -y.

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fjard

Borrowed from Swedish fjärd. Doublet of fjord, ford, port, and firth.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

fjeld

Borrowed from Danish fjeld. Doublet of fell.

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fjord

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *pértus Proto-Germanic *ferþuz Proto-Norse *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ) Old Norse fjǫrðr Norwegian fjordubor. English fjord Unadapted borrowing

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

flab

Back-formation from flabby.

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flack

From Middle English flacken (“to palpitate, flutter”), from Old English *flaccian, from Proto-West Germanic *flakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *flakkōną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ-, which could be related to

3 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

flag

From Middle English flag, flagge (“flag”), further etymology uncertain. Perhaps from or related to early Middle English flage (name for a baby's garment) and Old English flagg, flacg (“cataplasm, poultice, plaster”). Or,

5 source sections · 35 relationship mentions

flail

From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Fris

1 source section · 21 relationship mentions

flair

From Middle English flayre, from Old French flair (“scent, odour”), from flairier (“to reek, smell”), from Latin flāgrō, dissimilated variation of frāgrō (“emit a sweet smell”, verb). More at fragrant.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

flak

Borrowed from German FlaK, short for Fliegerabwehrkanone (“anti airplane cannon”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flake

From Middle English flake (“a flake of snow”), from Old English flacca and/or Old Norse flak (“loose or torn piece”) (compare Old Norse flakna (“to flake or chip”)), from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Pr

3 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

flaki

Borrowed from Polish flaki (“tripe soup”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flaky

Etymology tree English flake Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English flaky From flake + -y.

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flam

17th century; from flim-flam, itself perhaps from a dialectal word or Scandinavian; compare Old Norse flim (“lampoon, mockery”).

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention

flame

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flamy

From Middle English flawmy; equivalent to flame + -y.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flan

Borrowed around 1846 from French flan (“cheesecake, custard tart, flan”), or in some uses (in reference to Spanish/Latin American flans) later from Spanish flan (itself from the French), both from Old French flaon (whenc

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flang

Probably formed by analogy with sing/sang. Compare Scots flang (“flung”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flank

From Late Middle English flanc, from Late Old English flanc (“flank”), from Old French flanc, of Germanic origin, probably Frankish *hlanca, from Proto-West Germanic *hlanku (“bend, curve, hip, flank”), from Proto-German

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; f

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flaps

Etymology tree English flap Middle English -es English -s English flaps From flap + -s.

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flare

Origin uncertain, first recorded in the mid 16th century, probably related to Latin flagrō (“to burn”). Norwegian flara (“to blaze; to flaunt in gaudy attire”) has a similar meaning, but the English word predates it. Pos

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

flark

Borrowed from Swedish flark (“bog or swamp overgrown with tufts of grass; clearing in a bog with more water and less vegetation than its surroundings”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

flary

From flare + -y.

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flash

In some senses, from Middle English flasshen, a variant of flasken, flaskien (“to sprinkle, splash”), which was likely of imitative origin; in other senses probably of North Germanic origin akin to Swedish dialectal flas

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flask

From Middle English flask, flaske (“case, cask, keg”), from Old English flasce, flaxe (“bottle, flask”) and Medieval Latin flascō (“bottle”); from Frankish *flaskā; both from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“braid-covered bottle

2 source sections · 34 relationship mentions

flat

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *flataz Old Norse flatrbor. Middle English flat English flat From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic

5 source sections · 60 relationship mentions

flava

Derhotacization of flavor.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flaw

From Middle English flawe, flay (“a flake of fire or snow, spark, splinter”), probably from Old Norse flaga (“a flag or slab of stone, flake”), from Proto-Germanic *flagō (“a layer of soil”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl

2 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

flawn

From Middle English flaun, flaon, flawn, from Old French flaon, from Late Latin fladonem, accusative of flado, from Frankish *flaþō. Doublet of flan, flathe, and flathon.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

flawy

From flaw + -y.

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flax

From Middle English flax, from Old English fleax, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to plait”). Cognate with Old Frisian flax, Dutch vlas, Old High German flahs (German Flachs); the Northern

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

flaxy

From flax + -y.

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flay

From Middle English flayen, flaien, fleien, from Old English flīeġan ("to cause to fly, put to flight, frighten"), from Proto-Germanic *flaugijaną (“to let fly, cause to fly”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fleuganą (“to

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

flea

From Middle English fle, from Old English flēah, flēa, from Proto-West Germanic *flauh, from Proto-Germanic *flauhaz (compare West Frisian flie, Low German Flo, Flö, Dutch vlo, German Floh, Icelandic fló), from pre-Germa

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

fleak

A variant of flake (noun, verb).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fleam

From Middle English fleme, fleom, from Old French flieme, flemie (“open vein”), probably via a Proto-Germanic source (compare Old Saxon flēma, Old High German fliotuma, fliodema, Old English flȳtme (“fleam, lancet”)), bo

2 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

fleck

From Middle English *flekk, *flekke (attested in Middle English flekked (“spotted, flecked”)), from Old Norse flekkr (“spot”), from Proto-Germanic *flekka-. Cognate with Dutch vlek, German Fleck, Swedish fläck.

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

flee

From Middle English flen, from Old English flēon, from Proto-West Germanic *fleuhan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuhaną, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-, *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”). Cognate with Dutch vlieden, German flieh

1 source section · 11 relationship mentions

fleed

Inflected forms.

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fleek

Unknown; see on fleek, which may or may not have pre-dated this form. See Merriam-Webster's notes at "on fleek".

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fleen

From Middle English flen; equivalent to flea + -en (plural ending).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fleer

Possibly from a Scandinavian source, compare Norwegian bokmål flire (“to giggle”), Jutish Danish flire.

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fleet

From Middle English flete, flet (“fleet”), from Old English flēot (“ship”), likely related to Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”).

4 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

flehm

Borrowed from German flehmen.

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fleme

From Middle English flemen, from Old English flȳman, flīeman (“to put to flight, drive away, banish”), from flēam (“flight”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flerd

Blend of flock + herd.

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flerf

Humorous modification of flat-earther, with th-fronting.

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flesh

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”). Cognates Cognate with Yola vlea

1 source section · 16 relationship mentions

flet

From Middle English flet (“floor of a house; house”), from Old English flet, flett (“the ground; the floor of a house; house; dwelling”), from Proto-West Germanic *flati, from Proto-Germanic *flatją (“a flat or level sur

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

fleur

An ellipsis of fleur-de-lis from French fleur (“flower”). Doublet of flor, flour, and flower.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

flew

From Middle English flew, flow, from Old English flēag, flug-, from Proto-Germanic *flaug, *flug-, past tense forms of Proto-Germanic *fleuganą (“to fly”). Compare Saterland Frisian flooch (“flew”), West Frisian fleach (

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

flex

From Latin flexus, past participle of flecto (“to bend”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

flexo

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flexy

From flex + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fley

From Middle English fleyen, from Old English flīeġan.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flic

From flick in the cinematographic sense.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flick

From Middle English flykke (“light blow or stroke”). Later uses apparently interpreted as a back-formation from flicker. The use of flick to mean a film or movie derives from the fact that early films had a low frame rat

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

flid

Clipping of thalidomide, a pharmaceutical drug that was found to causes birth defects leading to a historical scandal, with the initial consonant modified by th-fronting.

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flier

Etymology tree English fly Proto-Indo-European *-yōs Proto-Germanic *-izô Proto-West Germanic *-iʀō Proto-Germanic *-ōzô Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀō Old English -ra Middle English -ere English -er English flier From fly +

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fling

From Middle English fling, from the verb (see below). Compare Icelandic flengur (“a fast sprint”).

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flint

Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *flint Old English flint Middle English flynt English flint From Middle English flynt, flint, from Old English flint, from Proto-West Germanic *flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz (comp

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

flip

Alteration of earlier fillip, from Middle English filippen (“to make a signal or sound with thumb and right forefinger, snap the fingers”), an attenuated variation of flappen (“to flap, clap, slap, strike”). Cognate with

4 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

flirt

1553, from the merger of Early Modern English flirt (“to flick”), flurt (“to mock, jibe, scorn”), and flirt, flurt (“a giddy girl”). Of obscure origin and relation. Apparently related to similar words in Germanic, all of

2 source sections · 24 relationship mentions

flit

From Middle English flitten, flytten, from Old Norse flytja (“to move”), from Proto-Germanic *flutjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow; run”). Cognate Icelandic flytja, Swedish flytta, Danish flytte, Norwegia

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

flite

From Middle English flyt, flit, iflit, ȝeflit, from Old English flit, ġeflit (“strife, contention”), from Proto-West Germanic *flit n; related to Proto-West Germanic *flīt m, from Proto-Germanic *flītaz (“zeal, striving,

2 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

flix

Compare flax.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

float

From Middle English floten, from Old English flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”). Compare fl

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

flob

Uncertain; possibly imitative. Possibly a Blend of phlegm + gob

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

floc

From Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), or from French floc (“floc”), from the same Latin source.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flock

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *flukkaz Proto-West Germanic *flokk Old English flocc Middle English flok English flock From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *

2 source sections · 19 relationship mentions

floe

Early 19th century. Probably from Norwegian Nynorsk flo (“layer, slab”), from Old Norse fló (“layer”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flog

From Middle English *floggen (suggested by flogge (“hammer, sledge”), from Old English *floggian, a stem variant of Proto-Germanic *flukkōną (“to beat”), itself a secondary zero-grade iterative with unetymological -u-, d

2 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

flone

From Middle English flon, flone, flan, from Old English flān (“barb, arrow, javelin, dart”), from Proto-Germanic *flainaz (“fork-point, prong, hook, spear-tip”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)plei- (“to divide, split, spl

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

flong

From French flan.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

floo

Shortened from influenza.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flood

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-der. Proto-Germanic *flōduz Proto-West Germanic *flōdu Old English flōd Middle English flod English flood Inherited from Middle English flod, from Old English flōd, from Proto

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

floof

Possibly a deliberate mispronunciation of fluff, a back-formation from floofy, or a blend of fluff + poof (compare the etymology of floofy).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

floop

Blend of flop + droop

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

floor

Inherited from Middle English floor, floour, flor, flore, flour, flur, vlor, from Old English flōr (“floor, pavement; deck; gangplank”), from Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“ground; floor”), from

1 source section · 28 relationship mentions

flop

Recorded since 1602, probably a variant of flap with a duller, heavier sound.

3 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flor

Borrowed from Spanish flor. Doublet of fleur, flour, and flower.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flora

From Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

flory

From French fleuri (“covered with flowers”), past participle of fleurir. See flourish for more.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flosh

Compare German Flösse (“trough in which tin ore is washed”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

floss

Unclear: * Possibly from French floche (“tuft of wool”), from floc, from Old French flosche (“down, velvet”), from Latin floccus (“piece of wool”), probably from Frankish *flokkō (“down, wool, flock”), from Proto-Germani

3 source sections · 18 relationship mentions

flota

From Spanish. See flotilla.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flote

Compare French flot, Latin fluctus; also compare float (noun).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flour

Spelled (until about 1830) and meaning flower in the sense of flour being the "finest portion of ground grain" (compare French fleur de farine, fine fleur). Doublet of fleur, flor, and flower. Partially displaced native

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

flout

Perhaps from Middle English flouten (“to play the flute”); compare with Dutch fluiten.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

flow

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *plew- Proto-Indo-European *plōw-der.? Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-der.? Proto-Germanic *flōaną Proto-West Germanic *flōan Old English flōwan Middle English flowen Middle English flow

3 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

flown

From Middle English flowen, floȝen, from Old English flogen, ġeflogen, past participle of Old English flēogan (“to fly”).

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

flowy

From flow + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flox

Abbreviation of "flanked by loxP"

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

flu

Clipping of influenza.

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fluat

Compare French fluate. See fluor.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

flub

Possibly suggested by fluff and flop. First appeared in the US as a verb c. 1924, and as a noun c. 1953.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flue

From Middle English flue, flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a back-formation from Middle English *flews (mistaken as a plural), from Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”). Altern

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

flued

From flue + -ed.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fluey

From flue + -y.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fluff

From earlier floow (“woolly substance, down, nap, lint”), also spelt flough, flue, and flew, from West Flemish vluwe, of uncertain ultimate origin: * Compare Old English flōh (“that which is flown off, fragment, piece”);

1 source section · 15 relationship mentions

fluid

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti? Latin fluō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin fluidusder. Middle English

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

fluke

Unknown, perhaps dialectal. It seems to have originally referred to a lucky shot at billiards. Possibly connected to sense 3, referring to whales' use of flukes to move rapidly. Possibly derived from German Glück (“luck,

4 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

flume

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti? Latin fluō Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Italic *-mn̥ Latin -men Latin flūmen Old French flumbor. Middle

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

flump

Onomatopoeic. Compare plunk.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flunk

Alteration of funk, or perhaps a blend of flinch + funk.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

fluo-

From fluor.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fluor

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti? Latin fluō Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Italic *-ōs Lati

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

flurr

Related to flurry.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flush

From Middle English flusshen, fluschen, of uncertain origin. Compare dialectal flusk (“to fly at, startle a bird out of the bush”) and flusker (“to flutter, fly irregularly”). Perhaps related to Middle English flasshen,

5 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

flusk

Uncertain. Likely from Middle English *flusken, a variant of flusshen (“to move rapidly, dart”), the same origin as flush. Perhaps from Old Norse *flugsa (“to flap, flutter”), from Proto-Germanic *flugisōną (“to flutter”

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

flute

From Middle English fleute, floute, flote, from Old French flaute, fleüte, from Old Provençal flaüt, of uncertain origin. Perhaps ultimately from three possibilities: * Blend of Provencal flaujol (“flageolet”) + laüt (“l

3 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

fluty

From flute + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flux

From Old French flux, from Latin fluxus (“flow”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

fluxy

From flux + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fluyt

From Dutch fluyt, archaic spelling of fluit. Doublet of flauta and flute.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

fly

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *plew- Proto-Indo-European *plewk- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *pléwketi Proto-Germanic *fleuganądeverb. Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ Proto-West Germanic *fleugā Old English

5 source sections · 60 relationship mentions

flyby

Deverbal from fly by.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix). With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

3 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

flyey

From fly + -ey.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fmz

Abbreviation of fan magazine.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fnord

A neologism from the Principia Discordia popularized in the Illuminatus! trilogy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fnuuy

Likely analogically from bnuuy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fo

Clipping of folio.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fo'

From dialectal non-rhotic pronunciations, most notably in African American Vernacular English. Compare ho (“whore”), mo (“more”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

foal

From Middle English ffoole, foale, fole, fool, foole, fowle, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō, from Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), from pre-Germanic *pl̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *pōlH- (“animal

1 source section · 22 relationship mentions

foam

From Middle English fom, foom, from Old English fām, from Proto-West Germanic *faim, from Proto-Germanic *faimaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poHy-m-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with German Feim (“foam”), Lati

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

foamy

From Middle English fomy, from Old English fāmiġ, fǣmiġ (“frothy, foamy”), from Proto-West Germanic *faimag, *faimīg, equivalent to foam + -y.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

fob

From Low German Fobke (“pocket”) or High Prussian Fuppe (“pocket”), probably related to Swedish ficka (“pocket”), Old Danish fikke, Alemannic German figge, Middle Dutch vicke, all from Proto-Germanic *fikkja, of uncertai

3 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

fobby

From FOB + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

focal

Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis. By surface analysis, focus + -al.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

focus

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Related to fuel. Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee): "On

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

fod

From a shortening of forehead, folk etymology an acronym for "forehead of doom".

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fody

From Malagasy fody.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

foe

From Middle English fo (“foe; hostile”), from earlier yfoh, yvo, ifa (“foe”), from Old English ġefāh (“enemy”), from fāh (“hostile”), from Proto-West Germanic *faih, from Proto-Germanic *faihaz (compare Old Frisian fāch

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

foehn

Etymology tree Latin favōnius Vulgar Latin faōniusbor. Old High German phonno German Föhnbor. English foehn Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin faōnius, an alteration of Latin favōni

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

fog

Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below), or from or relate

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

fogey

Borrowed from Scots foggie, fogie (noun), perhaps derived from Scots foggie (“covered with moss or lichen; mossy", hence "old, antiquated, decrepit”, adjective), from Scots fog (“moss; lichen”), equivalent to fog (“moss”

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

foggy

From fog + -y, originally in the sense "covered with tall grass; marshy; thick". It is not clear whether fog (“mist”) is a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall, obscuring grass”) or has a separate Germanic origi

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

fogle

Unclear. German Vogel (“bird”) has been suggested, the connection being bird's-eye, a fabric from which such handkerchiefs were made. Hotten (see References) suggests a connection with the Italian slang foglia (“pocket,

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

fogou

From Cornish fogo (“cave”); compare vug.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

foh

Compare faugh.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

foi

Borrowed from French foi.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

foiba

From Italian foiba. The term gained widespread use during and after World War II, when the Istrian foibe were used by Yugoslav Partisans as mass graves for local Italians. Doublet of fovea.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

foid

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)-der. Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ Proto-Italic *θēmanā Proto-Italic *fēmanā Latin fēmina Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

foie

Ellipsis of foie gras, from French foie gras (literally “fat liver”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

foil

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine. The literary sense is from the practice of back

5 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

foin

From Old French foene (“harpoon, fizgig”), from Latin fuscina (“trident”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

foist

Probably from archaic Dutch vuisten (“to take into one’s hand”), from Middle Dutch vuysten, from vuyst (“fist”); akin to Old English fyst (“fist”).

3 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

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These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

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