The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 118

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Page 118 of 180

goby

From Latin gobius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβιός (kōbiós), a type of small fish, of unknown ultimate origin. See also gudgeon.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

gock

Blend of girl + cock.

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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós? Proto-Germanic *gudą Proto-West Germanic *god Old English god Middle English god English god Inherited from Middle English

2 source sections · 40 relationship mentions

god-

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godet

From Middle French godet, from Dutch kodde (“piece of cylindrical wood”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

godi

Borrowed from Icelandic goði.

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godly

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

godma

From god- + ma.

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godpa

From god- + pa.

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gods

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

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goel

Compare yellow.

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goer

From Middle English goere, equivalent to go + -er. Compare German Geher (“goer, walker”).

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goest

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁-der. Proto-Germanic *gāną Proto-West Germanic *gān Old English gān Middle English gon English go Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési Proto-Germanic *-ōsi Proto-West Germanic *-ōs Old E

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goety

From Latin goetia, from Ancient Greek γοητεία (goēteía, “witchcraft”), from γόης (góēs, “sorceror”).

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goey

From go + -ey.

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gofer

From go + fer (pronunciation spelling of for), as in “go for coffee” or “go for that document” etc. Possibly also a pun on the rodent gopher, animals known for both their vast tunneling and their hoarding activities.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

goff

Compare French goffe (“ill-made, awkward”), Italian goffo, Spanish gofo, German dialect Goff (“a blockhead”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

gofio

Borrowed from Spanish gofio, from Guanche [Term?].

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

gog

Likely from agog; it appeared first as on gog. Attested from the 16th to 18th centuries. Compare French gogue (“sprightliness”), and Welsh gogi (“to agitate, shake”).

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gogan

Borrowed from Nepali गोगन (gogan).

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gogga

From Afrikaans gogga, from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe xoxo-i.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

gogo

Borrowed from Zulu úgógo.

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gohei

Borrowed from Japanese 御幣

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going

Verb form from Middle English goinge, goynge, gayng, variants of gonde, goonde, gaand, from Old English gānde, from Proto-Germanic *gēndz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *gēną, *gāną (“to go”), equivalent to go + -

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goit

From Middle English gote (“channel, stream”), from Old English *gotu (“channel, gutter, drain”), from Proto-Germanic *gutō (“gutter, drain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Scots gote, goit, go

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

goita

Borrowed from Japanese ごいた (goita).

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goje

Borrowed from Hausa goge.

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goji

A marketing coinage, likely an altered pronunciation of Mandarin 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ). The earliest known usage in print was in a publication in 1996. The first usage in the LexisNexis database is a newspaper article in 2002. Wide

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

golah

Borrowed from Hindi गोला (golā, “ball”), from गोल (gol, “round”), from their typical shape.

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gold

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰĺ̥h₃-to-mder. Proto-Germanic *gulþą Proto-West Germanic *golþ Old English gold Middle English gold English gold From Middle English gold, from Old Englis

3 source sections · 26 relationship mentions

goldy

From Middle English goldy, equivalent to gold + -y.

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golem

Borrowed from Hebrew גולם \ גֹּלֶם (gólem).

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golf

The word is first known in English from the 17th century as a borrowing from Middle Scots golf, gouff. Although the etymology is uncertain, the most likely origin is that it comes from the Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

golfy

From golf + -y.

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goli

Source etymology material for goli; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

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goll

From God.

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golly

Euphemism for God, dating from the 18th century. Possibly a compaction of “God′s body”.

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golok

From Malay golok.

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golpe

Unknown. Compare Spanish golpe (“strike, blow”). Perhaps the reference is to a blow leaving a purple bruise; compare the theories about hurt (“blue roundel”).

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golpy

From golpe + -y.

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gom

Borrowed from Irish gám (“booby, dolt”).

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gomai

From Japanese 五枚 (ごまい (gomai)) (literally, 5 sheets).

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gome

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-ōm Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm Proto-Indo-European *-ō ? Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ Proto-Germanic *gumô Proto-West Germanic *gumō Old English guma Middle

1 source section · 11 relationship mentions

gomen

Clipping of government.

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gomer

From Latin gomor in the Vulgate, from Ancient Greek γομόρ (gomór) in the Septuagint, from Hebrew עומר ('ómer, “sheaf; unit of dry measure”).

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gomo

Borrowed from Shona gomo.

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gompa

Borrowed from Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa).

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gon

Clipping of gonna. Compare Middle English gon, dialectal gan, Dutch gaan.

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gon-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos)der. English gon- Derived from Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “genitals”).

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gonad

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-redup. Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵn̥h₁eti Proto-Hellenic *gígnomai Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Pro

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

gonch

From gitch, a variation of gotch, from Ukrainian га́чі (háči), ґа́чі pl (gáči).

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gone

From Middle English gon, igon, gan, ȝegan, from Old English gān, ġegān, from Proto-Germanic *gānaz (“gone”), past participle of *gāną (“to go”). Cognate with West Germanic Scots gane (“gone”), West Frisian gien (“gone”),

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

goner

From gone + -er. First attestations around 1850.

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gong

Borrowed from Malay gong (possibly onomatopoeic).

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gonk

A proprietary name of arbitrary formation.

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gonna

Etymology tree English going Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ Proto-Germanic *tō Proto-West Germanic *tō Old English tō Middle English to English to English gonna Contraction of going to. Attested since

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gony-

From Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu).

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gonys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γένυς (génus, “jaw”).

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gonzo

Coined in 1971 by Boston Globe editor Bill Cardoso. Of uncertain origin; OED proposes Italian gonzo (“dolt”) and / or Spanish ganso (“dolt, goose”). The etymology supplied by Cardoso himself (French gonzeaux) is spurious

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goo

Etymology tree English burgood Proto-Germanic *bermô? Proto-West Germanic *bermō Old English beormader. Welsh burym Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulisder. Latin caulisbor. Proto-Brythonic *kawl Middle Welsh cawl Welsh cawl ?

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gooch

A corruption of guiche, another slang term for the male perineum.

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good

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *gadanąvṛd. Proto-Germanic *gōdaz Proto-West Germanic *gōd Old English gōd Middle English good English good Inherited from Middle English good, from Old Engli

7 source sections · 93 relationship mentions

goodo

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goods

Source etymology material for goods; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

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goodt

From good + -t (an intensifying suffix).

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goody

From good + -y (suffix forming colloquialisms), influenced by the noun (Etymology 2).

4 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

gooey

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

goof

Perhaps from dialectal English goff (“foolish clown”), from earlier goffe, in which case further etymology is uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English goffen (“to speak in a frivolous manner”), possibly from Old English ga

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

goofy

Etymology tree English goof Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English goofy From goof (“foolish and/or silly person”, noun) + -y (suffix f

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goog

From Irish and Scottish Gaelic gog / gug, cf. googie, from gugaí / gogaí (“sound made by chickens, baby name for chicken, baby name for egg" (i.e. gug-gug-gugaí)”).

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gook

First attested in the 1890s, US military slang in reference to Filipinos (in particular, it is defined in an 1893 citation in Slang and Its Analogues as referring to prostitutes who followed army camps; it is defined sim

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gooky

From gook (“gunk”) + -y.

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gooly

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gew- Proto-Indo-European *-los Proto-Indo-European *gewlos Proto-Indo-Iranian *gawlas, *gawlam Proto-Indo-Aryan *gawlas, *gawlam? Dravidianbor.? Sanskrit गोल (gola) Proto-Indo-Iranian

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goom

A dialectal variant of gum.

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goon

5 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

goona

From guna or kuna, found in many Pama-Nyungan languages.

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goony

* From goon + -y. Also as a shortened form of gooney.

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goop

1930s, perhaps a variant of goo; compare gloop and glob.

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goopy

Etymology tree English goop Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English goopy From goop + -y.

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goose

PIE word *ǵʰh₂éns Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns Proto-Germanic *gans Old English gōs Middle English gos English goose From Middle English goos, gos, from Old English gōs, from Proto-West Germanic *gans, fro

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goosh

Imitative? The sense "gush" (at least) is related to gush. The sense "smush" may be related to smoosh.

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goosy

From goose + -y.

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gop

Borrowed from Russian го́п (góp).

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gopar

From Russian гопарь (goparʹ).

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gopi

From Sanskrit गोपी (gopī).

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gor

A minced oath or dialectal variant of God. Compare cor.

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gora

Borrowed from Hindustani Hindi गोरा (gorā) / Urdu گورا (gorā). * In British Pakistani speech, influenced also by Pahari-Potwari گورا (gorā) and Punjabi ਗੋਰਾ (gorā) / گورا (gorā).

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goral

From an eastern Indian word for the Himalayan goral. Likely an early borrowing from Nepali घोरल (ghoral, “Himalayan goral”) or a related language.

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gorap

From Gorap gorap.

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gord

Perhaps hollow, and so named in allusion to a gourd.

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gore

From Middle English gore, gor, gorre (“mud, muck”), from Old English gor (“manure, dung, filth, muck, dirt”), from Proto-West Germanic *gor, from Proto-Germanic *gurą (“half-digested stomach contents; faeces; manure”), f

3 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

gorer

From gore + -er.

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gorg

Clipping of gorgeous.

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gorge

From Middle English gorge (“esophagus, gullet; throat; bird's crop; food in a hawk's crop; food or drink that has been eaten”), a borrowing from Old French gorge (“throat”) (modern French gorge (“throat; breast”)), from

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

gori

Feminine equivalent of gora, which see.

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gork

1970–75; perhaps back-formation from gorked (slang), meaning "anesthetized"; apparently an expressive coinage.

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gorl

Variant spelling of girl. Perhaps popularized by the movie franchise Despicable Me in which the protagonist Gru, voiced by Steve Carell, has an exaggerated Slavic accent, and would pronounce "girl" as "gorl" to his adopt

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gorm

A variant of gaum, from Middle English gome, from Old Norse gaumr, from Proto-Germanic *gaumō; compare Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaumjan, “observe”), and see gaum for more. The -r- was not originally pronounced but was a de

4 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

gormy

Either: * from gorm (“fool; one who is undiscerning”) + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’); or * a variant of gaumy (“awkward”), from gaum (“to stare idly or vacantly; to gape, gaze; to be awk

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gorn

See gone.

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gorno

Blend of gore + porno.

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gorp

The Oxford English Dictionary cites a 1913 reference to the verb gorp (“to eat greedily”). The occasionally theorized "good old raisins and peanuts" and "granola, oats, raisins, peanuts" are probably backronyms.

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gorru

From Telugu గొర్రు (gorru).

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gorse

From Middle English gorst, gors, from Old English gors, gorst, from Proto-West Germanic *gorst, from Proto-Germanic *gurstaz or Proto-West Germanic *gerstu (“barley”). Akin to German Gerste (“barley”) and Latin hordeum (

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

gorsy

From gorse + -y.

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gory

From gore + -y. Compare Middle English gorry (“muddy”), and güre, gire, girre (“gory, clotted”), from Old English gyr, gyru (“filthy, muddy”), from gor (“dirt, dung”); Old Frisian gere, iere (“muddy water”). More at gore

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

goryd

Welsh [Term?]

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gose

From German Gose, the name of the beer, from the name of the river Gose which flows through Goslar and from which its brewers took water to make it.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

gosh

Altered from God. First seen in 1757 as by gosh, probably from by gosse in Nicholas Udall's Ralph Roister Doister (circa 1553).

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gosha

Ultimately from Classical Persian گوشه (gōša, “corner”) likely through some Indian language.

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gosht

Ultimately from Classical Persian گوشت (gōšt, “meat, flesh”).

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goss

Clipping of gossip.

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gosu

Borrowed from Korean 고수(高手) (gosu), literally "high hand". In English, the term is often used as an adjective in contrast to the original use as a noun.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

got

Analogous to Chinese 有, such as Hokkien 有 (ū), Cantonese 有 (jau⁵), Mandarin 有 (yǒu). Sense 1 is also comparable to Malay ada.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

gotch

From Ukrainian га́чі (háči), ґа́чі pl (gáči, “underwear”). Possibly back-formed from diminutive gotchies.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

gote

From Middle English gote (“a drain”), from Old English *gota, *gote (“drain, gutter”), from Proto-West Germanic *gotā, from Proto-Germanic *gutǭ (“gutter”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”). Cognate with Dutc

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

goth

From gothic rock, first used by John Stickney in reference to The Doors in 1967 and used by the late 1970s to describe the musical scene that gave rise to the goth subculture, both from a supposed aesthetic similarity to

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

gothi

From Icelandic goði.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

gothy

From goth + -y.

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gotra

PIE word *gʷṓws From Sanskrit गोत्र (gotra).

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gots

From a reanalysis of got (colloquial form of have got) as a present tense verb.

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gotta

Contraction of got + to.

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goud

Compare Old French gaide, French guède, from Old High German; or compare French gaude. See also woad.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

gouda

From the Dutch city of Gouda.

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gouge

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gul

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gound

From Middle English gounde, gownde, from Old English gund (“matter, pus, poison”), from Proto-West Germanic *gund, from Proto-Germanic *gundaz (“sore, boil”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰendʰ- (“ulcer, sore, abscess, boi

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

gour

From French gour (“rock pool”), from Latin gurges. Doublet of gorge and gurges.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

goura

From one or more of the languages of New Guinea. The oldest use in the scientific literature, as a French word, may be a plate caption "La Goura de la nouvelle Guinée" in Pierre Sonnerat's Voyage a la Nouvelle Guinée. Th

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gourd

From Middle English gourde, from Anglo-Norman gurde, gourde, from Latin cucurbita. Doublet of cucurbit.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

gout

From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte and gutta. The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'droppin

3 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

gouty

From Middle English gowty; equivalent to gout + -y.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

govi

From Haitian Creole [Term?], from Fon [Term?].

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govvy

Clipping of government + -y (diminutive).

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gow

From Chinese 膏 (gāo, “ointment”), probably as a shortening of 藥膏／药膏 (yàogāo).

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gowan

From Scots, from Scottish Gaelic [Term?].

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gowk

From Middle English goke, gowke, from Old Norse gaukr (“cuckoo”), from Proto-Germanic *gaukaz (“cuckoo”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰegʰuǵʰ- (“cuckoo”).

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

gowl

From Old English gaulen, goulen. Compare yawl (intransitive verb).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

gown

Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *gunader. Late Latin gunna Old French gounebor. Middle English gowne English gown From Middle English gowne, from Anglo-Norman goune, gune (“fur-trimmed coat, pelisse”), from Old French goune,

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

goy

Etymology tree Biblical Hebrew גּוֹי (goi)bor. Yiddish גוי (goy)bor. English goy Borrowed from Yiddish גוי (goy, “gentile”), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”). The term goy does not technically refer to

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

goya

Borrowed from Okinawan ごーやー (gooyaa).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

goyim

Borrowed from Hebrew גּוֹיִים.

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goyle

Unknown. Found (initially) in the dialects of Somerset and Devon. Possibly related to gulley.

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gozz

Alteration of gob.

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goïng

go + -ïng

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gqom

Derived from an onomatopoeic combination of click consonants from the Zulu language, representing the sound of a drum.

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graaf

From Dutch graaf. Doublet of graf and grave.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions · brief record

grab

From Middle Dutch grabben or Middle Low German grabben (“to grasp, grab, seize, snatch”), from Old Saxon gravan, from Proto-West Germanic *grabbōn, a secondary form of Proto-Germanic *grabōną (“to gather, rake”), from Pr

2 source sections · 19 relationship mentions

grace

From Middle English grace, from Old French grace (modern French grâce), from Latin grātia (“kindness, favour, esteem”), from grātus (“pleasing”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise, welcome”); compare grateful.

1 source section · 14 relationship mentions

grade

Borrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus. Cognate with G

2 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

graf

From German Graf (“count”). Doublet of graaf and grave.

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

graff

Older variant of graft, q.v.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

graft

From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from t

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

grail

From Middle English graal, greal, from Old French graal, greal (“cup”), from Medieval Latin gradalis, possibly corrupted over time from Latin crater (“bowl”).

4 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

grain

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-nóm Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂-nós Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm Proto-Italic *grānom Latin grānum Old French grainbor. Middle English greyn English grain

2 source sections · 13 relationship mentions

gram

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

5 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

grama

Borrowed from Spanish grama (“grass”), from Latin grāmina, plural of grāmen (“grass”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

grame

From Middle English grame, gram, grome, from Old English grama (“rage, anger, trouble, devil, demon”), from Proto-Germanic *gramô (“anger”), *gramaz (“fiend, enemy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to rub, grind, scr

2 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

gramp

Clipping of grampa.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grams

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

gran

Clipping of granny.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grand

From Middle English grand, grond, graund, graunt, from Anglo-Norman graunt, from Old French grant, from Latin grandis. Doublet of grande and grandee.

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

grano

From Spanish grano (“grain, 1/9216 Spanish pound”), from Latin grānus (“grain”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. Doublet of grain.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

grant

From Middle English granten, graunten, grantien, grauntien, from Anglo-Norman granter, graunter, from Old French granter, graunter, graanter, greanter (“to promise, assure, guarantee, confirm, ratify”), from a merger of

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

grao

From Portuguese grão (“grain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese grão, from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, gram, and granum.

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

grape

Inherited from Middle English grape, borrowed from Old French grappe (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), deverbal from graper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), borrowed from Frankish *krappō (“to hoo

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

graph

Clipping of graphic formula. From 1878; verb from 1889.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

graps

From Middle English grapsen, re-unmetathesised version of graspen (“to grasp”), from Old English *grǣpsian. Compare to its equally unmetathesised cognates German Low German grapsen (“to grab; grasp”), German grapsen, Sat

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

grapy

From Middle English grapy, equivalent to grape + -y.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

grasp

From Middle English graspen, grapsen, craspen (“to grope; feel around”), from Old English *grǣpsian, from Proto-West Germanic *graipisōn, from Proto-Germanic *graipisōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seiz

1 source section · 11 relationship mentions

grass

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der. Proto-Germanic *grasą Proto-West Germanic *gras Old English græs Middle English gras English grass Inherited from Middle English gras, from Old English græs, from Proto-Wes

2 source sections · 38 relationship mentions

grat

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grate

From Middle English grate, from a Medieval Latin crāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.

3 source sections · 13 relationship mentions

grats

Clipping of congrats, itself a clipping of congratulations.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

gratz

A respelled shortening of congrats.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grave

From Middle English grave, grafe, from Old English græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to

6 source sections · 28 relationship mentions

gravy

From Middle English gravey, greavie, gravy; probably from greaves, graves (“the sediment of melted tallow”), or from Old French grave, a claimed misspelling of grané (“stew, spice”), from grain (“spice”). Sense of "pasta

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

grawl

Back-formation from grawls, a variant of graulse, mistaken as a plural. Ultimately, graulse is a variant of English grilse.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

grax

Early 20th century. From Norwegian Nynorsk grakse (“residue from the production of fish or whale oil”), from Norwegian Nynorsk dragse (“residue”), from Old Norse dregg. Doublet of dreg.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

gray

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ (West Saxon). The spelling gray reflects the West Saxon vowel development, whereas the variant grey stems from the Anglian form grēġ (through Middle English grey). Further

2 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

graze

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der. Proto-Germanic *grasą Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti Proto-Germanic

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

great

From Middle English greet, grete (“great, large”), from Old English grēat (“big, massive; tall; thick; coarse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“coarse, crude; big, large”), from Proto-Ind

2 source sections · 64 relationship mentions

grebe

From French grèbe.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

grebo

From greaser, originally referring to motorcyclists before being transferred to rockers.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grece

From Middle English grece (“staircase”), from Old French grez, greis et al., plural of gre (“gree”) taken as a collective singular.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

gree

From Middle English gre, from Old French gré, from Latin gradum (“step”). Compare degree. Doublet of grade.

4 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

greed

c. 1600. Back-formation from greedy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

greek

Probably from Greek (“unintelligible speech or text”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

green

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *gróh₁nis Proto-Germanic *grōniz Proto-West Germanic *grōnī Old English grēne Middle English grene English green From Middle English grene, from Old Eng

4 source sections · 42 relationship mentions

greet

From Middle English greten, from Old English grētan, from Proto-West Germanic *grōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną. Cognate with Dutch groeten, German grüßen, grüssen.

3 source sections · 13 relationship mentions

grego

Ultimately from Latin Graeco (“Greek”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

grem

Clipping of gremmy or gremlin.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grep

From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

grew

From Middle English grew, from Old English grēow (first and third person past tense of grōwan), from West Germanic *greu, from Northwest Germanic *grerō, from Proto-Germanic *gegrō (first and third person past tense of *

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

grex

Learned borrowing from Latin grex (“flock”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

grey

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁-der.? Proto-Germanic *grēwaz Proto-West Germanic *grāg Old English [Term?] Old English grēġ Middle English grey English grey From Middle English grey, from Old English grēġ (Ang

2 source sections · 24 relationship mentions

grice

From Middle English gris, from Old Norse gríss (“male pig; pigling”). Compare Old Dutch gristo, gristio (“boar, wild boar”).

3 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

grid

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

gride

From a metathetic variation of gird (“to strike, smite, upbraid, scold, jibe”), from Middle English girden, gerden (“to strike, thrust, smite”, literally “smite with a rod”), from gerd, yerd (“a rod, yard”). More at yard

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

grief

From Middle English greef, gref, from Old French grief (“grave, heavy, grievous, sad”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grievous, sad”). Doublet of grave.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

griff

Shortened from earlier griffin.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

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Read the layers separately

These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

The full multilingual corpus remains local; this directory covers only the bounded English slice. See exactly what has been acquired and published →